Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa

Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa: Symbol of Islamic Harmony and Javanese Culture in Cirebon

Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa is more than just a place of worship; it is a living monument that records the journey of Islam's spread in Java. Located in the Kasepuhan Palace complex, Cirebon City, West Java, this mosque stands as one of the oldest in Indonesia, still preserving its original architecture from the 15th century. The name "Sang Cipta Rasa" itself carries a deep philosophy: "Sang" means majesty, "Cipta" means to build, and "Rasa" symbolizes usefulness or sincere intention.

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Historical Origins and Founding Period

The mosque was founded in 1480 AD, during the reign of Sunan Gunung Jati (Syekh Syarif Hidayatullah). Its construction was a grand project involving cross-cultural collaboration and political power in the archipelago at that time. According to historical records, Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa was built in a remarkably short time—legend says in just one night according to local lore—as a testament to the sincerity of the Wali Songo in establishing a center for da'wah (Islamic propagation).

The construction of this mosque was directly led by Sunan Kalijaga as the chief architect, with the blessing of Sunan Gunung Jati. During its construction, Sunan Kalijaga brought approximately 500 skilled workers from the Majapahit, Demak, and Cirebon kingdoms. This explains why the mosque possesses a unique blend of architectural styles, combining Hindu-Javanese elements with Islamic values.

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Unique Architecture and Construction Details

One of the most striking features of Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa is the absence of a minaret. Unlike modern mosques that emphasize the height of their minarets, this mosque appears humble with its triple-tiered limasan roof, symbolizing the three spiritual stages in Islam: Iman (faith), Islam (submission), and Ihsan (excellence).

The main structure of the mosque is supported by 30 large teak wood pillars. The most legendary unique feature is the presence of "Saka Tatal"—a main pillar (saka guru) not made from a single solid tree trunk, but rather a construction of teak wood pieces (tatal) bound together. Saka Tatal is a monumental work by Sunan Kalijaga, symbolizing that great strength can arise from the unity of small parts (unity of the community).

The main entrance to the mosque is designed very low, requiring every worshipper to bow their head upon entering. Philosophically, this serves as a reminder for every human to shed their arrogance before facing the Creator. Inside, there is a mihrab adorned with carvings of lotus flower motifs, a strong influence from Majapahit art.

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Important Figures and Historical Events

This mosque cannot be separated from the role of Sunan Gunung Jati as the ruler of Cirebon and a great scholar. It was here that the coordination center for the Wali Songo's da'wah strategy in the western part of Java was established. Besides Sunan Gunung Jati and Sunan Kalijaga, figures like Sunan Kudus also played a role in adding aesthetic touches to certain parts of the mosque.

One unique historical event that is still preserved today is the tradition of "Azan Pitu" (Seven Adhans). This tradition originated from a legend about a plague and supernatural disturbances that struck Cirebon in the past. It is said that to ward off these calamities, Sunan Gunung Jati ordered seven muazzins to recite the adhan simultaneously. To this day, every Friday prayer, seven muazzins dressed in white recite the adhan in unison at Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa.

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Cultural and Religious Significance

For the people of Cirebon, Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa is the spiritual heart. It serves as the center for celebrating Islamic holidays, such as Grebeg Syawal and Maulid Nabi (Panjang Jimat). The close ties between the mosque and the Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan Palaces make it a symbol of Islamic authority legitimized by local wisdom.

In the mosque's courtyard, there is a water source known as "Banyu Cipta Rasa." Local communities believe this water has certain properties and is often used for ablution or taken home by pilgrims. The presence of this well adds a sacred dimension to the site as a place for spiritual and physical purification.

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Preservation and Restoration

As a national cultural heritage site, Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa continues to receive special attention from the government and the royal family. Despite being over five centuries old, its original teak wood structure remains remarkably sturdy. Restoration efforts are carried out periodically with great care to avoid altering its original form or historical value.

The main challenge in preservation is protecting the ancient wood from decay and termites. The use of natural preservatives and traditional maintenance techniques remains a priority. The West Java Provincial Government and the Cultural Heritage Preservation Center regularly conduct documentation and physical maintenance to ensure that this legacy of the Wali Songo continues to stand strong for future generations.

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Conclusion: A Timeless Legacy

Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa is tangible proof that Islam entered the archipelago not by destroying local culture, but by embracing and enriching it. The presence of Saka Tatal, the Azan Pitu tradition, and the blend of Javanese-Islamic architecture in this mosque are eternal messages of tolerance and unity. As one of the historical pillars of Cirebon, this mosque continues to radiate a "sense" of majesty that invites every visitor to reflect on the depth of spirituality and the richness of Indonesia's history. For anyone visiting Cirebon, stepping onto the wooden floor of this mosque is a journey through time to the golden age of Islamic da'wah in Java.