Introduction

Welcome to a 10-day travel guide that will take you on a journey through the hidden wonders of the heart of Borneo, specifically in the province of Central Kalimantan. This region, often recognized primarily for its vast forests and orangutans, actually harbors incredible natural beauty, rich history, and unique cultural heritage, waiting to be explored by true adventurers. Central Kalimantan, affectionately known as Kalteng, is an untamed gem, offering authentic experiences far from the tourist crowds.

Over these 10 days, we will delve into the rich traditions of the Dayak people, navigate legendary rivers that form the lifeblood of the region, witness the mesmerizing biodiversity in its natural habitat, and experience the pulse of a preserved and pristine inland life. From the modern yet locally nuanced city of Palangka Raya to remote villages inhabited by welcoming indigenous communities, every moment of this journey is designed to provide deep insights and unforgettable adventures. Prepare to be captivated by the wild natural beauty, the warmth of the local people, and the rich cultural legacy of one of the world's largest islands. Let your unique adventure in the heart of Borneo begin!

History & Background

Central Kalimantan boasts a long and significant history, marked by ancient civilizations and unique socio-cultural dynamics. Before becoming an Indonesian province in 1957, this territory was part of the Banjar Sultanate and was later divided into several administrative districts under Dutch colonial rule. The name "Kalimantan Tengah" (Central Kalimantan) itself reflects its strategic position on the island of Borneo, known internationally as Borneo. The province was officially established through Law Number 25 of 1956 and inaugurated on May 23, 1957. Its capital is Palangka Raya, founded in the early days of Indonesia's independence.

The early history of Central Kalimantan is deeply intertwined with the presence of various indigenous ethnic groups, most notably the Dayak people, the original inhabitants of the island. The Dayak people are not a single ethnic group but comprise numerous sub-ethnic groups such as Dayak Ngaju, Dayak Ot Danum, Dayak Maanyan, Dayak Lawangan, and others, each with distinct languages, customs, and beliefs. The traditional life of the Dayak communities was heavily dependent on the forests and rivers. They were known as shifting cultivators, gatherers of forest products, hunters, and fishermen. The Kaharingan belief system, an animistic and dynamic faith, was long practiced by a majority of the Dayak people before the arrival of major religions like Islam, Christianity, and Catholicism.

During the Dutch colonial era, the region's natural resources, particularly forest products and minerals, were exploited. However, resistance against the colonizers also occurred, though often fragmented. After Indonesia's independence, Central Kalimantan became part of the Republic of Indonesia and underwent various development programs. One of the most significant programs was transmigration, which brought in settlers from Java and other densely populated areas. This policy aimed at population distribution and economic development but also brought complex social and cultural changes to the local communities.

The Dayak culture, rich in wood carving, traditional dances, sape music, and ceremonial practices like Tiwah (a death ritual) and Hio (a thanksgiving ceremony), forms a strong identity for Central Kalimantan. Although modernization and external influences continue, efforts to preserve this cultural heritage are ongoing by the community and the government. Rivers like the Kahayan, Kapuas, Barito, and Mentaya are not just transportation routes but also silent witnesses to the historical civilizations in this region, where small kingdoms and ancient Dayak cultural centers were born. Understanding this history and background will greatly enrich your appreciation of Central Kalimantan's unique beauty and distinctiveness.

Main Attractions

Central Kalimantan offers diverse charms, blending wild natural wonders with profound cultural richness. During this 10-day journey, we will explore some of its main attractions:

Tanjung Puting National Park (TNPTS): This is the star of your adventure. Located in the southwestern part of Central Kalimantan, TNPTS is a world-renowned wildlife sanctuary, primarily serving as the habitat for the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). The experience of cruising the Sekonyer River on a klotok (traditional wooden boat) is the best way to explore this park. You will visit rehabilitation posts like Camp Leakey, Pondok Tanggui, and Tanjung Harapan, where you can observe rescued and rehabilitated orangutans and witness their feeding in the wild. Besides orangutans, TNPTS is also home to proboscis monkeys, long-tailed macaques, crocodiles, various exotic bird species, and abundant flora. The sounds of the forest and the tranquil river scenery will mesmerize you.
Kahayan River & Kapuas River: These two largest rivers in Central Kalimantan are the lifeblood that slices through the province. Navigating these rivers by speedboat or klotok offers a unique perspective on life along the riverbanks. You will see traditional stilt houses, local community activities like fishing and farming, and the lush mangrove and peat swamp forests along their shores. Along the Kahayan River, you can visit traditional Dayak villages, such as Tumbang Nusa Village or Garantung Village, to interact with locals, learn about their culture, and see local handicrafts.
Danau Tahai: Located not far from Palangka Raya, Danau Tahai is a unique freshwater swamp ecosystem. This area is an important habitat for various bird species, including egrets and storks. The calm water surrounded by swamp vegetation creates a peaceful and serene atmosphere. The lake is also known as a good spot for wildlife observation in the morning or late afternoon, and for enjoying beautiful sunsets.
Dayak Cultural Villages: Central Kalimantan is home to various Dayak sub-ethnic groups, and visiting their villages is an invaluable cultural experience. In villages like Tumbang Malahoi (famous for its historic longhouse) or villages around Muara Teweh (Barito River), you can witness traditional longhouse architecture, learn about customary ceremonies, listen to sape music, and see handicrafts like rattan weaving and wood carving. Direct interaction with the friendly Dayak people will provide deep insights into their harmonious lifestyle with nature.
Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park: Although mostly located in West Kalimantan, a small part of Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park also covers Central Kalimantan. This area offers challenging treks through tropical rainforests rich in biodiversity, including various rare orchid species, large trees, and the potential to see wildlife like deer and wild boars. It is a paradise for nature lovers and hikers.
Floating Markets (if possible): Although not as grand as those in South Kalimantan, some small floating markets can still be found on certain rivers in Central Kalimantan, especially in more remote areas. Visiting these markets offers an opportunity to witness unique traditional trading activities on boats.

Each of these attractions offers a different experience, ranging from thrilling wildlife adventures to profound cultural immersion, making a 10-day trip to Central Kalimantan a rich and fulfilling journey.

Travel Tips & Logistics

Planning a trip to Central Kalimantan requires careful preparation, considering the accessibility and infrastructure may differ from more common tourist destinations. Here are essential tips and logistical information for your 10-day adventure:

Access & Transportation:

Flights: The most common way to reach Central Kalimantan is by air. The main airport is Tjilik Riwut Airport (PKY) in Palangka Raya. Airlines like Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, and Citilink serve routes from major Indonesian cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Denpasar.
Local Transportation:
Palangka Raya: Within the city, you can use taxis, ojek (motorcycle taxis), or hire a car with a driver. Online transportation services are also available.
Inter-city/District: For travel between cities or to more remote destinations, you may need to use buses, rented cars (with drivers), or speedboats if traveling by river. River travel is often the primary option to reach areas like Tanjung Puting National Park.
Tanjung Puting National Park: The main access to TNPTS is via Pangkalan Bun (Iskandar Airport - PKN). From Pangkalan Bun, you need to travel to the port and hire a klotok to explore the rivers within the park. Klotok journey durations can vary, from a few hours to several days.
River Travel: If you plan to explore the rivers extensively, hiring a klotok or speedboat with a local captain is the best option. Ensure you negotiate prices and schedules clearly.

Accommodation:

Palangka Raya: Offers a range of accommodation options, from star-rated hotels to simpler guesthouses and inns.
Pangkalan Bun: Has comfortable hotels and lodgings, especially for tourists heading to Tanjung Puting National Park.
Inside TNPTS: The most unique experience is staying on a rented "houseboat" or klotok. Some rehabilitation posts also have simple lodging.
Cultural Villages: In some cultural villages, you might be able to stay in local homes (homestays) for a more authentic experience.

Best Time to Visit:

Dry Season (Around June - September): This period is generally considered the best due to less rainfall, making travel (especially on rivers) and outdoor activities easier. However, temperatures can be hotter.
Rainy Season (Around October - May): Rain can occur at any time, sometimes heavily. However, this is also a good time to see greener vegetation and perhaps more active wildlife near water sources. River travel might be slightly more challenging.

Health & Safety:

Vaccinations: Consult your doctor about recommended vaccinations, such as Hepatitis A, Tetanus, and Typhoid. Malaria protection is also advised.
Insect Bites: Bring strong mosquito repellent, especially those containing DEET, to protect yourself from insects carrying diseases like malaria and dengue fever.
Drinking Water: Drink bottled water or boiled water. Avoid drinking tap water.
Food: Eat at places that appear clean and are busy. Be cautious with raw or undercooked food.
Travel Insurance: It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.
Clothing: Pack light, sweat-absorbent, and quick-drying clothing. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when active in the forest to protect from insects and the sun. Don't forget a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen.
Other Gear: Bring a flashlight, personal medications, a camera, and basic first-aid supplies.

Additional Logistics:

Cash: Carry enough cash as not all places accept credit cards, especially in rural areas and traditional markets.
Communication: Mobile phone signals may be limited in some remote areas. Consider buying a local SIM card with an adequate data package.
Permits: For some national parks or conservation areas, entry permits may be required. It's best to inquire with your travel agent or local guide.
Local Guide: Hiring a local guide is highly recommended, especially when visiting Tanjung Puting National Park or remote villages. They possess in-depth knowledge of the area, wildlife, and local culture, and can assist with navigation and communication.

With good planning, your trip to Central Kalimantan will be a safe, comfortable, and adventurous experience.

Cuisine & Local Experience

Exploring Central Kalimantan is incomplete without savoring its culinary richness and experiencing authentic local life. The food here reflects the natural bounty and the cultural influences of the Dayak people and the various other ethnicities inhabiting this province.

Central Kalimantan's Signature Cuisine:

River Fish: As a province traversed by many large rivers, freshwater fish is a staple food. Enjoy various preparations like Grilled Patin Fish, Fried Snakehead Fish, or Sotong in Yellow Sauce. Grilled fish with distinctive Kalimantan spices is a must-try dish.
Sago Worms: For the adventurous palate, tasting sago worms is a unique culinary experience. These protein-rich larvae are typically prepared by grilling, frying, or stir-frying with spices. Their taste is described as savory and slightly sweet.
Daging Manas: This is a traditional Dayak dish made from game meat (such as deer or wild boar) cooked inside bamboo with various spices. The cooking process within bamboo imparts a special aroma and delicious flavor.
Sayur Kalakai: Kalakai is a type of wild fern that grows abundantly in Kalimantan. Sayur kalakai is usually stir-fried with simple seasonings or cooked with fish, resulting in a fresh and slightly bitter dish.
Juhu Umbut: Umbut refers to young coconut shoots that can be prepared in various ways. Juhu umbut is a type of curry or soup made from coconut shoots with spice seasonings.
Nasi Sumpit (Sumpit Rice): While not a main course, nasi sumpit is the traditional Dayak way of consuming rice, using bamboo chopsticks. The experience of eating with chopsticks adds an interesting cultural touch.
Local Fruits: Don't miss the chance to taste local tropical fruits like Rambutan, Durian (if in season), Langsat, Salak (snake fruit), and Tengkawang (whose seeds are processed into vegetable fat).

Unforgettable Local Experiences:

Staying on a Houseboat (Klotok) in TNPTS: This is a highly recommended experience. You will wake up amidst the forest, listen to the sounds of nature, and feel close to the environment. The klotok captain usually also acts as a cook, serving fresh dishes from catches or local ingredients.
Interacting with Dayak People: Visit Dayak villages and spend time talking with the locals. Learn about their traditions, daily life, and the Kaharingan belief system. If you're lucky, you might witness traditional dance performances or hear the melodies of the sape music.
Learning Handicrafts: In some villages, you can witness firsthand the process of making handicrafts such as rattan weaving, wood carving, or traditional woven fabrics. You might even get to try making them yourself.
Attending Traditional Ceremonies (if fortunate): If your travel schedule coincides with a traditional ceremony like Tiwah or Hio, it will be a profoundly cultural experience. However, remember that these ceremonies are sacred and require permission and high respect.
Shopping at Local Markets: Visit local markets in Palangka Raya or other towns to see a variety of produce, fresh fish, forest products, and handicrafts. This is a great place to interact with locals and feel the pulse of daily life.
Educational Tour at Orangutan Rehabilitation Centers: Besides observing orangutans in the wild, visit rehabilitation centers to understand the conservation efforts being made. You can learn a lot about the challenges of orangutan conservation and the vital role of Kalimantan's forests.

Savoring local cuisine and engaging in cultural experiences are the best ways to truly understand and appreciate the uniqueness of Central Kalimantan. Make every moment an opportunity to learn, interact, and create unforgettable memories.

Conclusion

A 10-day journey into the heart of Borneo, Central Kalimantan, offers more than just a typical holiday; it is a profound expedition into wild natural beauty, untouched cultural richness, and the warmth of the local people. From observing orangutans in Tanjung Puting National Park to navigating sacred rivers that form the lifeblood of the region, every moment is designed to captivate and inspire.

Central Kalimantan is a perfect destination for explorers seeking authenticity, adventure, and a deeper understanding of Indonesia's natural and cultural heritage. With proper planning, you will find yourself immersed in an unforgettable experience, leaving footprints on Borneo's soil and bringing back extraordinary stories. This adventure is not just about seeing, but about feeling, learning, and connecting with one of Indonesia's hidden gems. Happy exploring the wonders of Central Kalimantan!

10-Day Unique Adventure in the Heart of Borneo, Central Kalimantan