Unveiling Candi Singasari's Mysteries: The Grand History of Singhasari Kingdom

Introduction

Nestled in Candirenggo Village, Singasari District, Malang Regency, East Java, Candi Singasari stands majestically as a silent witness to the glory of the Singhasari Kingdom, one of the most important dynasties in Nusantara's history. More than just ancient stones, this temple is a window into a past filled with political intrigue, power, and spirituality. Built in the 13th century AD, Candi Singasari served not only as a place of worship but also as a monument commemorating the great kings who once ruled, especially the legendary King Kertanegara. Its location amidst beautiful natural landscapes, surrounded by hills and the cool air typical of Malang, makes it an unmissable cultural tourism destination for history buffs and spiritual adventurers. This article will take you on a deeper dive into the charm of Candi Singasari, uncovering its rich history, admiring its unique architecture, and providing practical guidance for your visit. Prepare to be mesmerized by the grandeur of Candi Singasari and the enduring legacy of the Singhasari Kingdom.

In the journey to unveil the mysteries of Candi Singasari, we don't just see stone ruins, but feel the pulse of a civilization that once dominated much of Indonesia. This temple offers more than just visual spectacle; it invites reflection on how a kingdom can rise, develop, and leave such a profound mark. The presence of statues of gods and important figures, as well as preserved intricate carvings, provides a glimpse into the beliefs and values of the society at that time. Visiting Candi Singasari is an educational journey that stimulates the imagination, connecting us with the rich historical roots of the nation. With its historical wealth and natural beauty, Candi Singasari Malang, East Java, promises an unforgettable experience for every visitor.

History & Background

The Singhasari Kingdom, which stood strong between 1222 and 1292 AD, was one of the largest Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in East Java. Founded by Ken Arok, a charismatic figure who successfully seized power from the Kediri Kingdom, Singhasari marked a new era in the political map of Nusantara. Ken Arok, who began his reign by eliminating King Kertajaya of Kediri in the battle of Genter, established a new dynasty centered in the Singasari region, near modern-day Malang. He is known as the first king who laid the foundation for Singhasari's power, although his own reign was marked by various intrigues and power struggles.

The period of the Singhasari dynasty's rule saw several important kings, each leaving their own mark. After Ken Arok, the succession of power was continued by his son, Anusapati, who was later succeeded by Tohjoyo. However, the name most associated with the glory and expansionist ambitions of Singhasari is King Kertanegara. Kertanegara ruled from 1268 to 1292 AD and was known as a visionary king. He harbored ambitions to unify Nusantara and even launched overseas expeditions, such as the Pamalayu expedition to Sumatra in 1275, which aimed to build strategic alliances against the threat from the Mongol Empire.

Candi Singasari itself, which is our main focus, is believed to have been built as a funerary temple (prasadha) to honor King Kertanegara. The construction of this temple is estimated to have begun after King Kertanegara's death in 1292 AD. However, history records that the Singhasari Kingdom experienced a tragic collapse shortly after Kertanegara's demise. Jayakatwang's rebellion from Kediri managed to overthrow Singhasari's rule, and Kertanegara himself perished in the incident. This chaos undoubtedly affected the completion and maintenance of the temple. Nevertheless, the surviving remnants of Candi Singasari to this day provide strong evidence of the grandeur and greatness of the kingdom that once ruled this part of East Java. Its distinctive architecture, though not as complete as other temples like Borobudur or Prambanan, still holds high historical and artistic value, making it a site of great importance for study and preservation.

Main Attractions

Candi Singasari, although not entirely intact like other magnificent temples in Indonesia, offers a unique charm that captivates visitors. Its main attraction lies in the remnants of its architecture and the statues that still stand strong, offering a glimpse into the might of the Singhasari Kingdom. As you enter the temple complex, the first thing that will catch your attention is the main temple ruins made of andesite stone. Although much of it has crumbled, leaving only the foundation and some parts of the walls, the basic shape of the temple can still be recognized, allowing your imagination to picture its original grandeur.

One of the most iconic attractions is the Statue of Vishnu. Located in the front courtyard of the temple, this statue is one of the most important relics from the Singhasari Kingdom era. This andesite statue depicts Lord Vishnu in a standing posture, with finely detailed carvings despite the passage of time. Its presence signifies the strong influence of Hinduism during the Singhasari period, where Lord Vishnu was revered as one of the principal deities. The existence of this statue adds a spiritual aura to this historical site.

Besides the Statue of Vishnu, another significant attraction is the remnants of the temple structure. You can see the extensive foundation of the temple, which indicates the considerable size of the building in its heyday. Some remaining parts of the temple walls display simple yet elegant decorative carvings, hinting at the architectural style of Singhasari. Although not as intricate as temples from previous or subsequent dynasties, these carvings possess unique characteristics that reflect the artistic tastes of the 13th century.

Around the temple area, you will also find relics or remains of other supporting structures. Although not all are definitively identified, archaeological discoveries around the site suggest that Candi Singasari was once a larger complex, possibly including ancillary buildings or other burial areas. Excavations and archaeological research are continuously conducted to uncover more about this site.

The natural beauty surrounding Candi Singasari is also a distinct attraction. Situated at the foot of Mount Arjuno, the temple is surrounded by lush natural scenery and cool air. The backdrop of green mountains creates a peaceful and contemplative atmosphere, perfect for immersing yourself in history and nature simultaneously. Visitors often enjoy the tranquility offered by the temple's location, making it an ideal place to relax and reflect.

For history enthusiasts, Candi Singasari is an invaluable treasure trove. Every stone, every carving, and every statue tells a story of a kingdom that once flourished. Although not as complete as other temples due to historical factors and the passage of time, Candi Singasari still offers a profound and educational experience. Its location in Malang, East Java, makes it one of the must-visit cultural tourism destinations to understand the rich heritage of Nusantara civilization more deeply.

Interesting Facts:

• Candi Singasari is believed to be a funerary temple for King Kertanegara.
• Important statues such as the Statue of Vishnu and Ken Dedes have been found around the site.
• The temple's architecture shows a blend of Hindu and Buddhist elements, characteristic of the Singhasari period.
• Its strategic location near the mountains provides charming natural views.

Photography Tips:

• Visit in the morning or late afternoon for the best lighting and to avoid the midday sun.
• Focus on the details of the carvings and statues to capture the architectural uniqueness.
• Utilize the mountainous natural background to create attractive photo compositions.

Travel Tips & Logistics

Visiting Candi Singasari in Malang, East Java, requires a bit of planning to ensure your trip is smooth and enjoyable. Here is a comprehensive guide on travel tips and logistics you should consider.

How to Get to Candi Singasari:

Candi Singasari is located in Candirenggo Village, Singasari District, Malang Regency. Its location is quite accessible from the city center of Malang and from Surabaya.

• From Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport (Malang): You can take an airport taxi or a ride-sharing service to the city center of Malang first, then continue by public transport or private vehicle to Singasari.
• From Malang Railway Station: From the station, take public transport or a taxi to Arjosari Terminal. From Arjosari Terminal, look for public transport (usually orange or light blue minivans) heading towards Singasari or Lawang. Tell the driver you want to get off at Candi Singasari.
• From Surabaya: If you are coming from Surabaya, you can take a train or bus to Malang. From Arjosari Terminal Malang, continue with public transport as described above.
• By Private/Rental Vehicle: Navigating with a digital map application like Google Maps will be very helpful. Make sure you follow the route towards Singasari District, then look for directions to Candi Singasari.

Accommodation:

Malang and its surroundings offer a variety of accommodation options, ranging from star hotels, guest houses, to more affordable inns. You can choose to stay in Malang city for more complete facilities, or find accommodation closer to the Singasari area if you prefer a quieter experience.

Best Time to Visit:

• Day: It's best to visit Candi Singasari on weekdays (Monday-Friday) to avoid crowds, especially if you want to enjoy a quieter atmosphere and more freedom for photos. However, if you can only visit on weekends, come as early as possible to avoid the crowds.
• Hours: Candi Singasari is generally open from morning until afternoon. The exact operating hours should be reconfirmed before your visit, but it's usually from 08:00 to 17:00.
• Season: The dry season (around June-September) usually offers clearer and drier weather, making it more comfortable for outdoor activities. However, the cool Malang air is felt year-round.

Entrance Tickets and Fees:

The entrance fee for Candi Singasari is relatively affordable. Prices may vary, but they are typically around Rp 5,000 - Rp 10,000 per person for domestic tourists. For foreign tourists, the price may be slightly higher. Make sure you have cash ready as not all ticket counters accept digital payments.

Facilities at the Location:

Around the temple complex, basic facilities are usually available, such as:

• Vehicle parking area.
• Public toilets.
• Several kiosks or vendors selling snacks and drinks.
• Security personnel or temple guardians.

Additional Tips:

• Clothing: Wear comfortable, modest, and breathable clothing, as you will be doing a lot of walking in an open area. Wear comfortable footwear for walking.
• Essentials: Bring enough drinking water, a hat or umbrella for sun protection, and a camera to capture moments.
• Respect the Historical Site: Maintain cleanliness in the temple area, do not litter, and avoid touching or damaging any part of the temple or statues. Respect this site as a valuable historical heritage.
• Local Guide: If you want to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of Candi Singasari, consider hiring a local guide available around the location.
• Safety: Always keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas.

By following these tips, your visit to Candi Singasari is expected to be a memorable and informative experience, taking you back to the golden age of the Singhasari Kingdom.

Cuisine & Local Experience

A visit to Candi Singasari is incomplete without exploring the culinary richness and local experiences offered by Malang and its surroundings. The Singasari region itself has its own unique flavors that you can taste and experience, in addition to enjoying Malang's famously delicious local dishes.

Singasari and Surrounding Local Cuisine:

• Orem-orem: This is one of the local delicacies worth trying when in the Malang Raya area, including Singasari. Orem-orem is a type of dish with a thick coconut milk broth containing chicken or beef, spices, and often supplemented with tofu or tempeh. It tastes savory, slightly spicy, and is very delicious when eaten warm with white rice.
• Nasi Jagung (Corn Rice): In some rural areas around Singasari, corn rice is still a popular staple food. Made from a mixture of rice and corn, this rice has a unique flavor and a slightly different texture. It is usually served with various side dishes such as fried salted fish, fried tempeh, or sayur lodeh.
• Tempe Bangket: For tempeh lovers, tempe bangket is an interesting variation. This is tempeh processed with special spices and fried until crispy, resulting in a crunchy texture and savory taste. It is often served as a snack or a side dish.
• Fresh Fruits: The Malang region is known for producing various high-quality fruits. When in season, don't miss the chance to taste the sweet and crunchy Malang apples, fresh oranges, strawberries, or avocados.

Must-Try Malang Specialties:

Besides local Singasari dishes, don't forget to try Malang's culinary icons scattered throughout the city:

• Bakso Malang: Famous throughout the country, Bakso Malang is characterized by its savory broth, various fillings such as fine meatballs, tendon meatballs, fried wontons, stuffed tofu, and noodles. You can find legendary bakso stalls on many street corners.
• Cwie Mie: A unique dish resembling chicken noodles but with a different flavor profile. Cwie Mie is served with minced chicken topping, fried wontons, and a light yet delicious broth.
• Sate Kelinci (Rabbit Satay): For the adventurous, rabbit satay is a specialty from the mountainous regions of Malang that is worth trying. The rabbit meat, prepared with satay spices, has a tender texture and a distinct flavor.
• Nasi Goreng Sawut: Fried rice mixed with shredded carrots or other vegetables, providing a unique texture and taste.

Local Experiences:

• Interaction with Locals: One of the best ways to experience the local culture is by interacting with the residents. They are usually friendly and happy to share stories about their local history or provide dining recommendations.
• Traditional Markets: Visiting a traditional market in Singasari or a market in Malang city can be an interesting experience. Here you can see various local produce, spices, and feel the daily life of the community.
• Fruit Picking Tours: If you visit during harvest season, consider visiting apple or strawberry orchards around Malang to experience picking fruits directly from the trees. This is a fun activity, especially for families.
• Enjoying the Rural Atmosphere: Singasari has a quiet and serene rural atmosphere, especially with the mountainous backdrop. You can take a leisurely walk around the temple or village to enjoy the fresh air and beautiful natural scenery.

By combining your visit to Candi Singasari with culinary exploration and local experiences, you will get a more complete picture of East Java's cultural richness and beauty. Don't hesitate to try various dishes and interact with the community to create unforgettable memories.

Conclusion

Candi Singasari in Malang, East Java, is more than just an archaeological site; it is a gateway to a deeper understanding of one of Indonesia's greatest historical kingdoms, the Singhasari Kingdom. Its strategic location, amidst natural beauty and historical richness, makes it an invaluable cultural tourism destination. From the majestic architectural remnants to the historical statues, every element at Candi Singasari tells a story of past glory, political intrigue, and spirituality.

Visiting this temple offers a unique opportunity to reflect on the legacy of the Singhasari Kingdom, led by legendary figures like Ken Arok and King Kertanegara. With careful planning, including logistical tips and choosing the right time, your experience at Candi Singasari will be optimized. Don't forget to complement your trip by tasting delicious Malang specialties and experiencing the warmth of the local people.

Candi Singasari is an eternal reminder of Indonesia's rich history. It invites us to continue learning, appreciating, and preserving this invaluable cultural heritage for future generations. A visit to Candi Singasari Malang is an investment in knowledge and experience that will last a lifetime.

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