Introduction

Welcome to the heart of Borneo, a legendary island that holds infinite natural wonders. Central Kalimantan, often referred to as "Bumi Tambun Bungai" (Land of Tambun Bungai), is a hidden gem offering the most authentic nature tourism experiences in Indonesia. Far from the urban bustle, this province stretches vast with dense tropical rainforests, mighty rivers carving through the land, and extraordinary biodiversity. For true adventurers, nature lovers, and anyone yearning for tranquility amidst the wilderness, Central Kalimantan is a dream destination.

This article is designed as your comprehensive guide to exploring the jungles of Central Kalimantan. We will take you on a virtual journey, uncovering the rich history and background of this region, highlighting the main attractions that are a must-visit, providing practical travel tips and necessary logistics, and inviting you to savor unique local cuisine. With this guide, you will be ready to penetrate the natural beauty of Central Kalimantan, an experience that will reshape your perspective on the world.

Prepare to be amazed by orangutans swinging through the trees, to hear the roar of wildlife, to feel the cool, pure forest air, and to witness the beauty of winding rivers reflecting the blue sky. Central Kalimantan is not just a tourist spot; it is a journey of self-discovery amidst the grandeur of nature. Let's begin this adventure!

History & Background

Central Kalimantan boasts a rich and complex history, rooted in ancient civilizations and evolving with the changing times. The region has historically been inhabited by various indigenous Dayak tribes, who possess unique cultures, traditions, and belief systems, deeply intertwined with the nature and forests surrounding them. Tribes such as the Dayak Ngaju, Dayak Ot Danum, Dayak Maanyan, and Dayak Lawangan have lived in harmony with their environment for centuries, developing profound knowledge of flora and fauna and sustainable practices.

Before the arrival of Europeans, this area was part of small kingdoms and sultanates that held regional influence. The arrival of the Dutch in the 19th century brought significant changes. Central Kalimantan, along with other parts of Borneo, became part of the Dutch East Indies. The colonial period was marked by the exploration of natural resources, including timber and minerals, as well as efforts to integrate the region into the colonial administration. However, the difficult terrain and the remote nature of many areas made complete control challenging.

Following Indonesia's independence in 1945, Central Kalimantan was officially established as a province on May 23, 1957, based on Law Number 25 of 1956. The formation of this province was part of the central government's effort to organize state administration and facilitate development in vast and diverse regions. The provincial capital, Palangka Raya, was founded in 1957 and designed as a modern central city to serve the administrative and economic needs of the new province. The initial population of Palangka Raya consisted largely of transmigrants from Java and Dayak people from various areas in Central Kalimantan.

Since its establishment, Central Kalimantan has faced various development challenges, including limited infrastructure, difficult accessibility to remote areas, and efforts to balance economic development with environmental preservation. However, its extraordinary natural wealth, especially its intact tropical rainforests and the Kahayan River, which is the lifeblood of the region, has made it a potential nature tourism destination. Conservation efforts, such as the protection of Tanjung Puting National Park, are key to preserving this natural heritage for future generations. Understanding this history and background is crucial to appreciating the unique cultural and natural richness of Central Kalimantan.

Main Attractions

Central Kalimantan is a paradise for nature lovers, offering a variety of stunning attractions and unforgettable experiences. Here are some of the main attractions you must include in your visit list:

Tanjung Puting National Park

Undeniably, Tanjung Puting National Park is the icon of Central Kalimantan tourism and one of the world's leading ecotourism destinations. Located on the southwestern coast of the province, this national park is renowned as home to a significant population of Borneo orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Visitors can witness these magnificent primates in their natural habitat, especially at research camps like Camp Leakey, Pondok Tanggui, and Pasir Panjang. Organized orangutan feeding programs offer a rare opportunity to see them up close.

Besides orangutans, Tanjung Puting is also home to various other wildlife, including proboscis monkeys with their distinctive large noses, long-tailed macaques, estuarine crocodiles, various rare bird species like hornbills, and a diverse array of reptiles and insects. Exploration of this national park is often done using klotok boats along the Sekonyer River and its tributaries, providing a unique perspective on mangrove and swamp forest ecosystems.

Kahayan River and Kapuas River

The Kahayan River, the longest river in Central Kalimantan, is the lifeblood of the province. It serves as the main transportation route, connecting various settlements and providing access to remote areas. A journey along the Kahayan River by motorboat or klotok offers spectacular views of rural life, lush riparian forests, and the activities of the local community. You can visit traditional villages, observe the way of life of the Dayak people along the riverbanks, and enjoy the tranquility of nature.

The Kapuas River, although its main flow is in West Kalimantan, also has branches and influence in Central Kalimantan, serving as an important route for ecosystems and transportation in some parts of the province. Exploring these rivers is the best way to feel the pulse of Kalimantan.

Dayak Cultural Tourism

Central Kalimantan is home to diverse Dayak tribes with rich cultural heritage. Visiting traditional villages, such as those around Palangka Raya or along the rivers, provides insights into traditional life, longhouse architecture (betang), customary ceremonies, traditional dances, and handicrafts. You might have the chance to witness sacred dance performances or listen to folklore passed down through generations. Interaction with the local community will enrich your experience and provide a deeper understanding of Central Kalimantan's cultural identity.

Lake Tahai

Located not far from Palangka Raya, Lake Tahai is a wetland ecosystem offering serene natural beauty. This lake is surrounded by swamp forests and is home to various species of water birds. The atmosphere at Lake Tahai is very peaceful, making it an ideal spot for relaxation, fishing, or simply enjoying the sunset. Visitors can rent small boats to explore the lake area or walk along the available paths.

Bukit Baka Bukit Raya Nature Reserve

For hikers and mountain nature enthusiasts, the Bukit Baka Bukit Raya Nature Reserve offers a unique challenge and beauty. Located on the border of Central and West Kalimantan, this area features mountain peaks covered in dense tropical forests. Hiking to the summit provides extraordinary panoramic views of the forest and opportunities to see endemic flora and fauna rarely found elsewhere. This trek requires good physical preparation and often necessitates a local guide.

Each of these attractions offers a unique and profound experience of Central Kalimantan's natural beauty and cultural richness. Proper preparation will ensure you can enjoy all that this extraordinary region has to offer.

Travel Tips & Logistics

Planning a trip to the jungles of Central Kalimantan requires careful preparation to make your experience safe, comfortable, and memorable. Here are the tips and logistical information you need to consider:

How to Get to Central Kalimantan

By Air: The most common and efficient way to reach Central Kalimantan is by air. The main airport is Tjilik Riwut Airport (PKY) in Palangka Raya. Airlines such as Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Citilink, and Sriwijaya Air serve flights from major Indonesian cities like Jakarta (CGK), Surabaya (SUB), Makassar (UPG), and Balikpapan (BPN).
Ferry/Sea Travel: While less common for international tourists, sea access is possible via ports in Sampit or Kumai (which is closer to Tanjung Puting National Park). However, sea travel usually takes longer and has less regular schedules compared to flights.

Local Transportation

In Palangka Raya: The city has public transportation like city buses (limited options) and taxis. However, to explore wider or remote areas, renting a car with a driver or using ojek (motorcycle taxi) services is a more practical choice.
To Tanjung Puting National Park: The main access is via the port in Kumai, near Pangkalan Bun. From Kumai, you will rent a klotok (wooden motorboat) to navigate the rivers towards the camps within the national park. This journey can take several days, depending on your itinerary.
River Exploration: Motorboats and klotoks are vital modes of transportation in Central Kalimantan. You can rent them for private trips or join organized tours. Ensure prices are negotiated upfront and agreements are clear regarding duration, destinations, and facilities.

Accommodation

Palangka Raya: A variety of accommodation options are available, ranging from star-rated hotels, mid-range hotels, to simple lodgings (losmen/guesthouses). Book well in advance, especially if you are traveling during holiday seasons.
Tanjung Puting National Park: Accommodation within the national park typically consists of homestays along the riverbanks or simple inns managed by park rangers. The most iconic option is staying on a rented klotok for several days, allowing you to sleep on the river.
Tourist Villages: In some villages, you might find homestay options that allow you to experience local life firsthand. This is a great way to gain authentic cultural experiences.

Best Time to Visit

Dry Season (June - September): Generally considered the best time to visit. The weather is usually drier, river water levels are lower, facilitating navigation in some areas, and wildlife viewing opportunities are better. However, temperatures can be hotter.
Rainy Season (October - May): Rain can occur at any time, but it doesn't mean you can't visit. Rains are often sporadic. The jungle appears greener and fresher, and sometimes there are opportunities to see species active during the rainy season. Note that some trails might be flooded.

Other Important Preparations

Vaccinations & Health: Consult your doctor about recommended vaccinations, such as Hepatitis A, Tetanus, and Dengue Fever. Bring personal medications, a first-aid kit, and a strong mosquito repellent.
Clothing: Pack light, sweat-absorbent, and quick-drying clothes. Long-sleeved shirts and long pants are highly recommended to protect against mosquitoes and the sun. A hat, sunglasses, and comfortable trekking shoes are also essential.
Equipment: Flashlight (headlamp is better), power bank, camera, binoculars (if you are serious about wildlife observation), reusable water bottle, and plastic bags to protect electronic devices from moisture.
Cash: Although some places accept cards, many transactions in remote areas, local markets, or with local service providers will require cash. Prepare sufficient Rupiah.
Local Guide: It is highly recommended to use a local guide, especially when exploring national parks or unfamiliar areas. They possess invaluable knowledge of the terrain, wildlife, and local culture.
Eco-Tourism Ethics: Respect nature and wildlife. Do not feed wild animals, do not litter, and always follow your guide's instructions. Maintain cleanliness and environmental sustainability.

With careful planning, your adventure in Central Kalimantan will surely be an unforgettable experience.

Cuisine & Local Experience

Exploring Central Kalimantan is incomplete without delving into its culinary richness and experiencing authentic local encounters. Unlike more commonly known coastal cuisines, Central Kalimantan's culinary offerings present unique flavors influenced by forest and river produce, as well as Dayak traditions.

Tastes of Rivers and Forests

River Fish: Large rivers like the Kahayan and Kapuas are rich in freshwater fish. Enjoy fresh grilled fish, such as patin, gabus, or catfish, simply seasoned with local spices and served with chili paste. River fish dishes are often a staple in local restaurants and riverside eateries.
Wild Game Meat (with caution): Traditionally, some Dayak tribes consume wild game meat like wild boar or deer. However, it's important to note that hunting protected wildlife is illegal and unethical. If you have the opportunity to taste such dishes (that are legal and sustainable), they are usually served with rich, distinctive spices.
Forest Vegetables: Various types of wild vegetables and tubers are utilized in local cuisine. Properly prepared rattan shoots have a unique texture and a slightly bitter yet refreshing taste. Certain types of ferns are also favorites.

Special and Unique Dishes

Urap: Similar to urap in Java, but with variations in spices and local additions. It usually consists of boiled vegetables mixed with seasoned grated coconut.
Soto Banjar (Adaptation): Although originating from South Kalimantan, Soto Banjar with its savory coconut milk broth and chicken or beef filling, topped with fried shallots and emping (crackers), is also popular and easily found in Central Kalimantan.
Tempoyak: This is a very distinctive dish made from fermented durian. Tempoyak has a sour, sharp taste and a strong durian aroma. It is usually processed into a chili paste or mixed with fish dishes, such as tempoyak curry. Trying tempoyak can be a challenge for the uninitiated, but it is highly recommended for durian lovers and culinary adventurers.
Sambal: Chili paste is a mandatory accompaniment to every dish. The variety of sambal is immense, ranging from spicy terasi (shrimp paste) sambal to unique local fruit sambals.

Traditional Drinks

Tuak: A traditional alcoholic beverage made from fermented sticky rice or fruits. Tuak is often served during traditional ceremonies or as a relaxing evening drink. It has a sweet and slightly sour taste, with varying alcohol content.
Floral Tea: Various types of herbal teas made from local flowers are often served, offering unique aromas and health benefits.

Invaluable Local Experiences

Visit Traditional Markets: Markets in Palangka Raya or floating markets (if available) are ideal places to see various local produce, spices, fresh fish, and traditional snacks. This is a golden opportunity to interact with local vendors and experience the pulse of daily life.
Eat at Simple Warungs: Don't hesitate to try simple local eateries. This is where you often find the most authentic and delicious dishes at affordable prices.
Interact with Dayak People: If you have the opportunity to visit a traditional village, try to interact with the residents. They are often very friendly and willing to share stories about their lives, traditions, and cuisine. Respecting their culture is key.
Cook Together (If Possible): Some cultural tourism programs may offer opportunities to learn local cooking with a host family or villagers. This is a very deep and memorable experience.

Savoring the cuisine and interacting with the local community are inseparable parts of the adventure of exploring Central Kalimantan. It's not just about food, but about understanding the culture and way of life of people who cherish the natural wealth around them.

Conclusion

Central Kalimantan offers more than just a tourist trip; it is an invitation to reconnect with nature in its purest and most magnificent form. From the silence of the tropical rainforest teeming with wildlife sounds to the pulse of life along mighty rivers, this province holds wonders waiting to be explored.

With this guide, you now have a roadmap to navigate its natural beauty, understand its rich cultural background, and prepare yourself for an unforgettable adventure. The iconic Tanjung Puting National Park, the rivers that carve through the land, and the unique cultural heritage of the Dayak people are treasures ready for you to discover.

Always remember to respect the environment, support sustainable tourism, and be open to new experiences. Central Kalimantan will provide you with lifelong memories, a deeper appreciation for our planet's biodiversity, and perhaps, a new perspective on the meaning of true tranquility and beauty. Happy exploring the jungles of Borneo!

Exploring the Jungles of Central Kalimantan: A Complete Nature Guide