Introduction

Welcome to a 4-day travel guide that will take you on a journey through the rich history and magnificent temples of East Java. This province, located at the eastern tip of Java Island, holds invaluable cultural heritage, the legacy of great kingdoms that once flourished in the archipelago. From the legendary Majapahit to other Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, every corner of East Java seems to whisper tales of past glory.

In this brief yet packed adventure, we will explore iconic historical sites, feel the spiritual aura of ancient temples, and enjoy the well-preserved natural beauty. Prepare yourself for a journey that will not only feast your eyes but also enrich your understanding of Indonesian civilization. Get ready to be mesmerized by grand architecture, epic stories, and the warm culture of the East Javanese people. Let's begin our 4-day East Java cultural heritage trail!

History & Background

East Java boasts a long and rich history, making it one of the most important centers of civilization in Indonesia. This region witnessed the rise and fall of great kingdoms that formed the foundation of the archipelago's history. One of the most famous is the Majapahit Kingdom (circa 1293-1527 AD). Centered in Trowulan, Mojokerto, Majapahit reached its zenith under the reign of Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada. Its territory is said to have encompassed most of the Indonesian archipelago and even extended overseas. Majapahit's legacy can still be found in the form of temple ruins, statues, inscriptions, and archaeological artifacts scattered across various sites, especially around Mojokerto and Trowulan.

Before Majapahit, East Java was also home to other significant kingdoms. The Kediri Kingdom (circa 1042-1222 AD), centered in Daha (now Kediri), was known as a center of literature and art. Classic literary works such as "Kakawin Sutasoma" and "Baratayuddha" originate from this period. Then there was the Singasari Kingdom (circa 1222-1292 AD), the predecessor to Majapahit, founded by Ken Arok in Malang. Singasari is known for its robust stone architecture and strong military leadership.

Besides these great kingdoms, East Java also has a long history as an important trade route in Southeast Asia. Its strategic location on the northern coast of Java made it a natural harbor frequented by traders from all over the world. Foreign cultural influences, such as from India, China, and the Middle East, are reflected in the temple architecture, fine arts, and local traditions. This cultural diversity then blended with local beliefs, giving birth to a unique form of syncretism, especially in religious art and architecture.

This historical legacy is not limited to physical ruins but is also embedded in folk tales, legends, and oral traditions that are still alive today. Understanding the history of East Java means understanding the roots of Indonesian civilization, seeing how ancient kingdoms built the foundations of the nation, developed arts and sciences, and interacted with the outside world. This 4-day journey will be a window to revisit that glorious past, feeling the pulse of history that is still palpable at every site we visit.

Main Attractions

This 4-day itinerary in East Java is designed to maximize your experience exploring historical sites and magnificent temples. Here are the main attractions we will visit:

Day 1: Trowulan - The Heart of the Majapahit Kingdom

Trowulan Archaeological Site (Mojokerto): This was the center of the Majapahit Kingdom. Explore various relics such as Candi Tikus, a unique water temple with a lotus pond and deity statues; Candi Brahu, one of the oldest temples in Trowulan, believed to have been built by King Mpu Sindok; and the ruins of the grand Segaran pool. Don't miss the Majapahit Museum, which houses a collection of artifacts from excavations in Trowulan, including pottery, jewelry, and statues.
Candi Bajang Ratu (Mojokerto): This temple features distinctive gate architecture, believed to be a gapura paduraksa or a place of reverence. Its reliefs depict interesting scenes from Majapahit life.
Candi Wringin Lawang (Mojokerto): Known as the "Banyan Tree Gate," this temple consists of a pair of towering brick gates, offering a glimpse into the grandeur of Majapahit architecture.

Day 2: Malang & Surroundings - Singasari Legacy and Natural Beauty

Candi Singasari (Malang): Although not as complex as other temples, Candi Singasari is an important relic of the Singasari Kingdom. Nearby are the iconic Dwarapala statues, guardians of the kingdom's gates.
Candi Jawi (Pasuruan): Located on the slopes of Mount Arjuno, Candi Jawi is a beautiful Hindu-Buddhist syncretic temple. Its architecture is unique with an East Javanese touch.
Explore the Beauty of Batu City (Optional): If time permits, visit Batu City to enjoy the cool mountain air and various modern tourist attractions, such as Jatim Park or the Angkut Museum.

Day 3: Blitar - The Footsteps of Soekarno and Ancient Temples

Makam Bung Karno (Blitar): Visit the tomb of the first president of the Republic of Indonesia. The complex also includes a museum showcasing Soekarno's life journey.
Candi Penataran (Blitar): This is the largest and most complete Hindu temple complex in East Java. It was built in stages from the 12th to the 15th century. Explore the main temple, the pendopo temple, and the grand Nandi temple. Its reliefs depict stories from the Ramayana and Krishna.
Candi Sumberjati (Blitar): A smaller temple but of high historical value, believed to originate from the Kediri Kingdom period.

Day 4: Surabaya - Gateway and Colonial History

Tugu Pahlawan & Museum 10 November (Surabaya): As a symbol of Indonesia's struggle for independence, Tugu Pahlawan is a historic monument that must be visited. The Museum 10 November beneath it displays collections of artifacts and dioramas of the Battle of Surabaya.
Surabaya Old Town: Explore historic buildings from the Dutch colonial era. Visit Gedung Internatio (now Hotel Majapahit), Jembatan Merah (Red Bridge), and various other old buildings that hold stories of the past.
Ampel Mosque & Arab Quarter (Surabaya): Visit the historic Ampel Mosque, one of Surabaya's oldest mosques founded by Sunan Ampel. Explore the bustling Arab quarter with its shops, Middle Eastern cuisine, and distinctive atmosphere.

Each day offers a unique experience, combining the grandeur of temple architecture, the depth of royal history, and the traces of national struggle.

Travel Tips & Logistics

To ensure your 4-day trip in East Java is smooth and enjoyable, here are some important tips regarding logistics and preparation:

Transportation

Flights: The main international airport in East Java is Juanda International Airport (SUB) in Surabaya. You can fly to Surabaya from various major cities in Indonesia. If you are arriving from abroad, you will likely transit in Jakarta (CGK).
Trains: The train network in East Java is quite good. Main stations are in Surabaya (Gubeng and Pasar Turi), Malang, Blitar, and Mojokerto. Trains are a comfortable and efficient option for inter-city travel.
Private/Rental Car: Renting a car with a driver is a flexible option, especially for visiting temple sites that may not be accessible by public transport. Car rental costs vary depending on the type of car, duration, and whether a driver is included.
Local Transportation: Within cities, you can use taxis (conventional or online like GoCar/GrabCar), motorcycle taxis (online options are also available), or public transport (angkot/bemo) for short distances. To reach more remote temple sites, you might need to rent a motorcycle or use a taxi to the nearest point.

Accommodation

Options: East Java offers a wide range of accommodation, from star-rated hotels, boutique hotels, inns (losmen), to guest houses. Surabaya and Malang have the most options.
Location: Choose accommodation that is strategically located, close to the city center or main transportation access if you want to move around easily. For a quieter experience, consider staying near natural attractions or rural areas.
Booking: It is advisable to book accommodation well in advance, especially if you are traveling during holiday seasons or weekends.

Best Time to Visit

Dry Season (April - October): This period is generally drier with minimal rainfall, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and exploring temple sites. Temperatures tend to be warm to hot.
Avoid Rainy Season (November - March): While still visitable, you will need to be more prepared for rain that can occur at any time. However, the natural scenery might appear greener.

Additional Tips

Clothing: Wear comfortable, sweat-absorbent, and modest clothing, especially when visiting places of worship or historical sites. Bring a hat or umbrella for protection from the sun or rain.
Health: Bring personal medication, sunscreen, and insect repellent. Ensure you drink enough water to prevent dehydration.
Cash: Prepare sufficient cash for entrance fees, local food stalls, or transportation that does not accept digital payments.
Local Information: Do not hesitate to ask local residents or tourist site staff if you need information.
Flexibility: Although this itinerary is packed, be prepared to be a little flexible. Sometimes, unexpected discoveries or interesting local experiences can change plans.
Book Tickets & Accommodation: To save time and ensure availability, book train, flight, and accommodation tickets several weeks or months in advance.
Temple Site Conditions: Some temple sites may require a bit of climbing or walking on uneven terrain. Wear comfortable and safe footwear.
Respect Culture: When visiting historical and religious sites, dress modestly and respect local customs. Avoid excessive noise and do not damage the heritage.

With thorough preparation, your 4-day trip in East Java will be an unforgettable experience.

Cuisine & Local Experience

A trip to East Java would not be complete without tasting its culinary richness and experiencing authentic local encounters. This province offers a unique blend of flavors, from legendary traditional dishes to tantalizing market snacks.

East Javanese Specialties

Rawon (Surabaya): A dark, thick beef soup with the distinctive kluwek spice. Served hot with white rice, bean sprouts, salted egg, and chili paste. This is one of East Java's iconic dishes.
Sate Klopo (Surabaya): Chicken satay coated with grated, roasted coconut before grilling. It provides a different aroma and savory taste compared to regular satay.
Lontong Balap (Surabaya): A dish of rice cakes served with boiled bean sprouts, fried tofu, shrimp crackers, and savory broth. Often accompanied by lentho (cassava fritters).
Tahu Campur (Lamongan/Surabaya): A mix of fried tofu, rice cakes, bean sprouts, and shrimp crackers served with a petis-based sauce and special spices.
Nasi Krawu (Gresik): White rice served with shredded beef cooked with special spices, topped with serundeng (fried grated coconut) and chili paste.
Pecel Madiun: Fresh boiled vegetables (water spinach, long beans, bean sprouts) drenched in a smooth, spicy-sweet peanut sauce. Often served with rice or rice cakes.
Bakso Malang: Famous for its variety of fillings, such as beef meatballs, smooth meatballs, fried wontons, siomay, and tofu. Its savory broth is delicious.
Rujak Cingur (Surabaya): A unique dish consisting of boiled cow's snout, rice cakes, vegetables, tofu, tempeh, and crackers, drizzled with a distinctive petis (shrimp paste) sauce.

Local Experiences

Traditional Markets: Visit traditional markets like Pasar Turi (Surabaya) or local markets in other cities. Here you can feel the pulse of daily local life, taste market snacks, and buy local souvenirs.
Coffee at a Warung Kopi (Warkop): Enjoy a relaxed atmosphere while sipping East Javanese coffee. Warkops often also serve various fried snacks or light meals.
Interact with Locals: East Javanese people are generally friendly and open. Don't hesitate to chat, ask about their culture, or seek recommendations for eateries.
Local Arts: If possible, watch a ludruk (folk theater) or wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performance, which are still often held in some areas. This is a great way to understand folk stories and Javanese traditions.
Religious Tourism: Besides temples, East Java is also rich in the tombs of the Wali Songo (Nine Saints). If you are interested, visit the tombs of Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, or Sunan Bonang for a spiritual experience.

By exploring the cuisine and interacting with the local community, your journey will become richer and more meaningful. This is an opportunity to truly experience the soul of East Java.

Conclusion

This 4-day journey through East Java has taken us across the footprints of past glories, from the grandeur of the Majapahit Kingdom in Trowulan to other historical sites scattered across various cities. We have witnessed the stunning beauty of temple architecture, felt the spiritual aura in historical places, and delved into the rich cultural heritage that remains preserved to this day.

East Java is not just about magnificent temples, but also about stories of civilization, national struggles, and the warmth of its people. Every corner holds a story waiting to be discovered. May this guide provide inspiration and adequate provisions for you to plan your own adventure.

Enjoy every moment, taste its cuisine, and let yourself be captivated by the invaluable cultural heritage of East Java. Happy exploring!

---

FAQ

What is the estimated budget for this 4-day trip?

The cost varies greatly depending on your travel style (budget or luxury), transportation, and accommodation. A rough estimate for domestic tourists could range from IDR 2,000,000 - IDR 5,000,000 per person, excluding flights to Surabaya. For international tourists, the cost could be higher.

Is it safe to travel solo in East Java?

Yes, East Java is generally safe for tourists, including solo travelers. However, remain vigilant about your belongings, especially in crowded places. Use common sense and avoid walking in deserted areas at night.

Do I need to hire a tour guide?

It is highly recommended, especially at archaeological sites like Trowulan and Candi Penataran. Local guides can provide in-depth historical insights and help you understand the context of the sites. You can hire guides on-site or through travel agents.

What is the best way to travel between cities in East Java?

Trains are the most recommended option for inter-city travel between major cities like Surabaya, Mojokerto, Malang, and Blitar, as they are comfortable, punctual, and affordable. For access to more remote temple sites, renting a car with a driver or using online transportation to the nearest point, then continuing by motorcycle taxi, are good options.

What are some typical souvenirs from East Java I can bring home?

You can bring home shrimp crackers (kerupuk udang), tempeh chips (keripik tempe), traditional cakes (like ampoe, wingko babat), Malang batik, or handicrafts from the areas around Trowulan or Malang.

4 Days in East Java: Tracing History and Magnificent Temples