6 Days East Java History Trail: Ancient Temples to Colonial Traces

Introduction

East Java, a province brimming with cultural heritage and historical significance, offers an unforgettable adventure for time travelers. From the grandeur of ancient temples that bear witness to the glory of Nusantara's kingdoms, to the remnants of colonial architecture that narrate a complex past, this province is a living tapestry of history. This 6-day itinerary is designed to guide you through these traces, providing a deep understanding of the evolution of civilization in East Java. Prepare to be mesmerized by the beauty of megalithic architecture, the wisdom of ancient priests, the courage of independence fighters, and the charm of old towns holding untold stories. Let us embark on an epic journey through time, uncovering the hidden layers of history in every corner of East Java.

History & Background

East Java boasts a long and rich history, spanning from the era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms to the colonial period and independence. This region was once the center of power for great kingdoms like Majapahit, which in the 14th century reached its zenith as a maritime empire ruling much of the archipelago. Remnants of Majapahit's glory can still be found at various archaeological sites, especially around Trowulan, believed to be the kingdom's capital. Temples such as Candi Penataran in Blitar, Candi Singosari in Malang, and the temples of Kediri all stand as silent witnesses to the development of religion, art, and architecture during that period. The existence of these temples not only showcases the prowess of their rulers and artists but also reflects the spiritual and social life of the people during Indonesia's classical era.

Entering the 16th century and beyond, East Java also witnessed the arrival of Islam, which later flourished, giving rise to new sultanates. The fusion of Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and local elements created a unique cultural blend in East Java.

Then, in the 17th century, Europeans arrived, marking the beginning of the colonial era. East Java, with its strategic ports and natural resources, became one of the territories contested by colonial powers, particularly the Dutch. Cities like Surabaya, Malang, and Pasuruan developed into colonial administrative and economic centers. European-style buildings, such as churches, train stations, and government offices, still stand strong today, reminding us of the turbulent times of struggle and dramatic socio-political change.

The Indonesian independence movement also has strong roots in East Java. Surabaya, for instance, is known as the "City of Heroes" due to the heroic battle on November 10, 1945. Sites like the Heroes Monument (Tugu Pahlawan) and the November 10th Museum serve as reminders of the courage of the fighters in defending independence. Understanding this historical background will enrich your travel experience, transforming your visit into a profound learning journey about the pulse of Nusantara's civilization.

Main Attractions

This 6-day journey will take you through various historical sites scattered across East Java, each with its unique charm and stories.

Day 1-2: Trowulan & Surroundings (Majapahit Traces)

• Trowulan Archaeological Site: Explore the former capital of the Majapahit Kingdom. This vast site includes remnants of city walls, ancient aqueducts, gates, and various artifacts displayed in the Trowulan Museum. Learn about daily life, the administrative system, and Majapahit's achievements. Don't miss the Segaran pool, believed to be a recreational spot for the royal family.
• Candi Tikus: A unique water temple, estimated to date back to the 15th century. Its architecture and function as a sacred water source offer insight into Majapahit's beliefs and engineering techniques.
• Candi Bajang Ratu: A magnificent gate, believed to be an entrance to the royal complex or another important site. Its intricate carvings showcase Majapahit's artistic skills.
• Candi Brahu: One of the oldest temples in Trowulan, believed to be the site for the cremation of Majapahit royalty.

Day 3: Malang & Surroundings (Kingdom & Colonial Traces)

• Candi Singosari: The remains of a temple from the Singosari Kingdom, a predecessor to Majapahit. This temple features important statues like the Dwarapala figures and the statue of Ken Dedes.
• Candi Jawi: Located at the foot of Mount Arjuna, Candi Jawi is a blend of Hindu and Buddhist architecture, built during the Singosari Kingdom period.
• Malang Old Town: Explore the European-style historical buildings around Malang Square (Alun-Alun Malang). Visit Ijen Church, the City Hall building, and other colonial-era structures now serving as offices or tourist destinations.
• Malang Kota Baru Station: One of Indonesia's oldest and largest train stations, featuring stunning Art Deco architecture.

Day 4: Blitar (Temple Grandeur & National Hero's Tomb)

• Candi Penataran: The largest Hindu temple complex in East Java, built in stages from the 12th to the 15th century. Admire its reliefs depicting the Ramayana epic and folk tales.
• Bung Karno's Tomb: Visit the tomb of the first president of the Republic of Indonesia, an important pilgrimage site that also houses a museum displaying various memorabilia.

Day 5: Surabaya (Trading Hub & Struggle Center)

• Heroes Monument (Tugu Pahlawan) & November 10th Museum: An iconic monument symbolizing the Battle of Surabaya. The museum houses a collection of artifacts and dioramas depicting the spirit of the "Arek-arek Suroboyo" (the youth of Surabaya).
• Surabaya Old Town (Surabaya Cultural Heritage Site): Explore historical Dutch colonial buildings around Kembang Jepun Street. Visit the Internatio Building, the Red Bridge (Jembatan Merah), and Tanjung Perak Port, all of which hold significant historical value in trade and logistics.
• Ampel Mosque: One of the oldest and most historic mosques in Surabaya, serving as a center for the spread of Islam in East Java.

Day 6: Surabaya & Departure

• Gedung Nasional Indonesia (GNI) Surabaya: The former residence of the Dutch colonial resident, now a significant historical witness.
• Kya Kya Kembang Jepun Antique Market: A last chance to hunt for historical souvenirs or enjoy the atmosphere of the old market.

Each site offers a unique perspective on East Java's past, from spiritual grandeur to the drama of struggle.

Travel Tips & Logistics

To maximize your experience on this East Java history trail over 6 days, meticulous logistical planning is essential.

Transportation:

• Inter-City: The best option is to use trains for travel between major cities like Surabaya, Malang, and Blitar. Trains offer comfort, punctuality, and beautiful scenery along the way. Tickets can be booked in advance through the KAI Access app or online ticketing websites. For routes not covered by train, such as to Trowulan from major cities, you can rent a private car with a driver or use inter-city bus services.
• Intra-City: In cities like Surabaya and Malang, online transportation (motorcycle taxis or cars) is readily available and affordable. Conventional taxis are also available. To explore larger historical sites like Trowulan, renting a car with a driver for a full day will be more efficient. Local rickshaws or motorcycle taxis can also be an option for short distances in specific tourist areas.

Accommodation:

• East Java offers a diverse range of accommodation options, from star-rated hotels in major cities like Surabaya and Malang to boutique hotels or simpler guesthouses near historical sites. Book your accommodation well in advance, especially if you are traveling during peak holiday seasons. Consider a strategic location, close to train stations or city centers, to facilitate mobility.

Best Time to Visit:

• The dry season (around May to September) is generally considered the best time to visit, as the weather is usually clear and dry, ideal for outdoor activities exploring historical sites. However, East Java has a tropical climate, so rain can occur at any time. Avoid school holidays or major festive periods if you prefer fewer crowds.

Additional Tips:

• Clothing: Wear comfortable, light, and breathable clothing as the tropical weather can be hot. Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun. Comfortable walking shoes are also essential.
• Drinking Water: Always carry a refillable water bottle to stay hydrated, especially when exploring open sites. Purchase bottled water from minimarkets or stalls.
• Cash: Although many places accept digital payments, always carry some cash for entrance fees, local snacks, or non-digital transportation.
• Local Guide: At some important sites like Trowulan and Candi Penataran, consider hiring a local guide. They can provide in-depth historical information and interesting stories you might not find in brochures.
• Health: Prepare personal medications if needed. Maintain personal hygiene and be mindful of the food you consume.
• Flexibility: This itinerary is flexible. Adjust it according to your interests and pace. If a particular site captivates you, spend more time there.
• Etiquette: Respect historical sites. Do not litter, do not climb or damage temple structures, and dress modestly when visiting places of worship.

With good preparation, your historical journey in East Java will be smooth and meaningful.

Cuisine & Local Experience

Exploring the history of East Java would be incomplete without savoring its culinary richness and experiencing authentic local life. Each region in East Java has its own culinary specialties influenced by its history, culture, and natural resources.

Must-Try Local Delicacies:

• Rawon: A signature black beef soup from East Java, rich in flavor, served with bean sprouts, salted egg, and chili paste. This dish is very popular in Surabaya and its surroundings.
• Rujak Cingur: A unique dish made from boiled beef snout, mixed with vegetables, tofu, tempeh, and lontong (rice cakes), drizzled with a distinctive petis (shrimp paste) sauce. An intense and authentic taste experience.
• Sate Klopo: Chicken or beef satay coated in grated coconut before grilling, giving it a distinct savory aroma and taste. Popular in Surabaya.
• Lontong Balap: A simple yet delicious dish consisting of lontong, bean sprouts, tofu, lentho (bean fritters), and served with a savory broth. A Surabaya specialty.
• Nasi Goreng Jancuk: Spicy fried rice with abundant spices, large portions, and usually served with egg, chicken, or seafood. "Jancuk" is a typical Surabaya exclamation meaning "damn" or "extraordinary."
• Pecel Madiun: Boiled vegetables covered in a thick and savory peanut sauce. Often served with rice and side dishes like rempeyek (crackers).
• Puthu Lanang: A traditional cake made from rice flour, palm sugar, and grated coconut, steamed in bamboo. It has a sweet, sticky taste, often found in Malang.
• Onde-onde: A round fried cake filled with mung bean paste. A popular snack easily found in Mojokerto, near Trowulan.

Interesting Local Experiences:

• Traditional Markets: Visit traditional markets like Pasar Atom in Surabaya or markets in smaller towns. These are the best places to feel the pulse of local life, see various produce, spices, and interact with vendors.
• Coffee at Local Cafes: Enjoy East Javanese coffee at simple local coffee shops. This is an opportunity to observe locals' daily conversations and soak in the relaxed atmosphere.
• Learn Local Language: Try learning a few basic phrases in Javanese or Madurese. Locals will appreciate your effort.
• Community Interaction: If possible, join local community activities or visit a tourism village for a deeper understanding of the culture and traditions.
• Nightlife in Old Town: Explore the old town at night, like in Surabaya with its historic buildings illuminated by lights. Some areas like Kya Kya Kembang Jepun can be very lively at night with various street food and performances.

By daring to try local cuisine and interacting with the community, your historical journey will become richer and more memorable, offering a broader perspective on life in East Java.

Conclusion

This 6-day journey tracing the historical trail of East Java offers a rich narrative, from the glory of Majapahit, the influence of earlier kingdoms, to the complex remnants of colonial architecture. By visiting sites like Trowulan, Candi Penataran, Candi Singosari, as well as historical cities like Malang and Surabaya, you will gain a deep understanding of the evolution of civilization in East Java. More than just a tourist visit, it is an educational journey connecting you to the roots of Indonesian culture. Utilize the logistics and culinary tips provided to create an unforgettable experience. East Java awaits you to unveil its stories.

FAQ

Q: What is the average cost for this 6-day trip?

A: Costs vary greatly depending on your travel style (accommodation, transportation, food). A rough estimate for a mid-range budget could start from IDR 3,000,000 to IDR 6,000,000 per person (excluding flights to East Java).

Q: Is it safe to travel alone in East Java?

A: East Java is generally safe for tourists. However, always be cautious, especially in crowded places, and avoid walking alone in deserted areas at night.

Q: Are there age restrictions for visiting these historical sites?

A: There are no age restrictions. These sites are suitable for all ages, but physical condition should be considered when exploring large areas or uneven terrain.

Q: What is the best way to get to Trowulan from Surabaya?

A: The easiest way is to rent a car with a driver from Surabaya, which takes about 1-1.5 hours. Another option is to take a train to Mojokerto, then continue by motorcycle taxi or taxi to Trowulan.

Q: When is the best time to visit Candi Penataran?

A: Morning is the best time to avoid the midday sun and crowds. Visiting before noon also provides good lighting for photography.

Q: Do I need a visa to enter Indonesia?

A: Visa requirements depend on your nationality. Please check the latest visa requirements for your country before traveling.