Penglipuran Tourism Village

Philosophy of Spatial Planning and Traditional Architecture

The main characteristic that makes Penglipuran a unique cultural center is the application of the Tri Hita Karana concept and Hulu-Teben Spatial Planning. The village is built with a linear structure that divides the area into three zones: Utama Mandala (sacred area/temple), Madya Mandala (residential area), and Nista Mandala (burial grounds and agricultural land).

Its architectural uniqueness lies in the uniformity of the Angkul-angkul (gateways) and the use of bamboo as the primary material. Each house compound has an identical structure, reflecting values of equality and togetherness. Visitors can directly learn about traditional bamboo roof construction techniques (sirap) that can last for decades without using metal nails, a local technical knowledge passed down through generations.

Cultural Activities and Educational Programs

As a cultural center, Penglipuran offers various educational programs that allow tourists to engage directly with the community's life:

1. Bamboo Craft Workshop: Given that the village is surrounded by 45 hectares of bamboo forest, woven crafts are the pulse of its economy and culture. This program teaches techniques for cutting, shaving, and weaving bamboo into keben (offering containers) or home decorations.

2. Local Culinary Cooking Class: Tourists are invited to make Loloh Cemcem, Penglipuran's iconic herbal drink made from wild kedondong leaves, and Tipat Cantok. This education includes an introduction to basic Balinese spices (Base Genep) and the use of traditional cooking utensils.

3. Traditional Makeup and Attire Education: This program explains the differences in levels of Balinese traditional attire, from daily wear to attire for major ceremonies, as well as the philosophy behind the use of traditional wastra (fabrics).

Traditional Arts and Performances

Life in Penglipuran is never separate from the sounds of gamelan and the movements of dance. The village has active art groups preserving ancestral heritage. One of the performances often staged to welcome guests or during festivals is Tari Baris Gede, a ritual dance symbolizing heroism and devotion to the gods.

In addition, the Gamelan Gong Kebyar performance by the village youth is proof that artistic regeneration is progressing well. The melodies are not just entertainment but an integral part of the prayer processions at Pura Penataran and Pura Puseh, located at the northern end of the village.

Penglipuran Village Festival and Religious Celebrations

Every year, usually in December, the village hosts the Penglipuran Village Festival (PVF). This festival is the culmination of cultural activities featuring colossal cultural parades, SME exhibitions, culture-themed photography competitions, and contemporary art performances that remain rooted in tradition.

Besides the annual festival, the Galungan and Kuningan Holidays are when Penglipuran's beauty reaches its peak. Rows of towering Penjor (decorative bamboo with coconut leaves) along the main village road create an aesthetic panorama symbolizing the victory of dharma over adharma. Tourists can witness the Ngerebeg procession, where residents parade around the village with religious attributes, creating a very strong spiritual atmosphere.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Bamboo Forest

Penglipuran Cultural Center has a strong commitment to environmental preservation through the concept of Bamboo Forest as the Village's Lungs. The community has very strict customary rules (Awig-awig) regarding bamboo logging. They believe that the bamboo forest is the ecological and spiritual protector of the village.

This cultural center also implements an independent waste management system and prohibits motorized vehicles from entering the main residential areas. This is done to maintain the purity of the air and the tranquility of the village atmosphere, so that traditional values are not eroded by pollution and the noise of modernity.

Role in Local Cultural Development and Community Involvement

Penglipuran serves as a model for Community-Based Tourism development. The entire village management is carried out by local residents through the Desa Adat (Customary Village). This ensures that the economic benefits of tourism return to the community to fund customary ceremonies and the maintenance of historical buildings.

The village's role in local cultural development is evident in the informal "Customary School," where parents teach ethical values (tata krama) and refined Balinese language to the younger generation. The village also serves as a research center for academics from around the world who wish to study irrigation systems, customary law, and the sociology of the Balinese people.

Unique Rituals: Burial and Karang Memadu

There are two other unique aspects that can only be found in this cultural center. First, the burial tradition where the deceased are not cremated (*ngaben*) as is common in Bali, but are buried—a remnant of the Bali Aga tradition. Second, the existence of Karang Memadu, a special plot of land provided for residents who practice polygamy. However, to this day, the land remains empty because the people of Penglipuran highly uphold monogamy as a form of respect for women's dignity. The existence of this empty land serves as an educational symbol of loyalty and prevailing social norms.

Conclusion: Maintaining the Breath of Tradition in the Modern Era

Penglipuran Tourism Village is not just a place for photos, but a strong cultural institution. As a cultural center in Bangli, it has successfully proven that modernity and tradition can coexist without negating each other. Penglipuran's success in maintaining its cleanliness, architecture, and customs makes it a beacon for cultural preservation in Indonesia.

Through every stone-paved path, every gust of wind in the bamboo forest, and the warmth of its people, Penglipuran offers valuable lessons on how humans should relate to God, fellow humans, and the universe. For anyone who visits, Penglipuran offers a spiritual and intellectual journey into the purest heart of Balinese culture.