Old Waris Church

Traces of Civilization on the Border: History and Existence of the Old Waris Church

Gereja Tua Waris stands as a silent monument that encapsulates the collective memory of the community in Keerom Regency, Papua. Located in Waris District, a region directly bordering the neighboring country of Papua New Guinea, this historical site is not merely a place of worship, but a symbol of the entry of social, educational, and spiritual transformation in the interior of Papua in the past. This church reflects the perseverance of missionaries and the local community in building the foundations of civilization amidst extreme geographical challenges.

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Background and Origins of Establishment

The history of Gereja Tua Waris cannot be separated from the wave of evangelization in Papua that began massively in the early to mid-20th century. The Waris region is historically a difficult-to-reach area, surrounded by dense tropical rainforests and steep mountains. The construction of this church is estimated to have begun between the 1930s and 1950s, a period when the Franciscan Order (OFM) began to expand their service reach from the coast of Jayapura (formerly Hollandia) into the interior.

The establishment of this church was driven by the need for an integrated service center. At that time, the church served a dual function as a place of worship as well as a basic health and education center for the indigenous tribes in Waris. Missionaries, often from the Netherlands, worked with the local population to clear land and transport building materials through dangerous footpaths, before the cross-border highway that exists today was built.

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Architectural Characteristics and Construction Details

Architecturally, Gereja Tua Waris displays a blend of functional European colonial style with adaptations of local materials. The building has a sturdy structure, designed to withstand the tropical climate with high humidity and extreme rainfall in the Keerom region.

The main characteristic of this building is the use of ironwood (kayu sowang) pillars, known for their exceptional strength and resistance to termite attacks. The church walls were initially built using semi-permanent techniques, combining vertically arranged wooden planks with river stone foundations sourced from the rivers around Waris. Its high, steeply pitched roof is designed to quickly shed rainwater, a highly effective vernacular architectural adaptation.

The interior of the church reflects simplicity yet solemnity. The wooden altar, carved with local motifs, shows a cultural acculturation between Christian symbolism and Papuan art. Large windows are strategically placed to ensure natural air circulation is maintained, considering the humid temperatures in the Keerom interior during the day.

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Historical Significance and Important Events

Gereja Tua Waris holds a key role in the historical map of Indonesia's border. During the confrontation and determination of Irian Barat's status, the Waris region became a strategic point for military and administrative monitoring. This church often served as a refuge for civilians and a meeting point for traditional leaders to discuss the future of their region.

One unique fact accompanying the history of this church is its role as a "Lighthouse of Literacy." Before the colonial or Indonesian governments established formal schools evenly in Keerom, pastors and church teachers at the Waris Church had already begun teaching reading, writing, and language to the local children. This made Gereja Tua Waris the starting point for the birth of the first educated individuals from Waris District.

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Figures and the Influence of the Franciscan Order

The presence of Franciscan Order (OFM) missionaries added a distinct color to Gereja Tua Waris. Franciscan spirituality, which emphasizes simplicity and brotherhood with nature, was highly compatible with the way of life of the Waris people. Figures like the pioneering priests who settled there not only brought religious teachings but also introduced settled agricultural techniques and basic medical care. Their influence is still felt today through worship practices and oral traditions passed down through generations among the congregation.

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Preservation Status and Restoration Efforts

As a Historical Site in Keerom Regency, Gereja Tua Waris faces significant preservation challenges. Due to age and weather, some original wooden parts have experienced decay. However, the local community considers this building a sacred heritage that must be preserved. Restoration efforts have been undertaken several times by the diocese in cooperation with the local government, although logistical challenges to the border region remain a major obstacle.

The Keerom Regency government has begun to view Gereja Tua Waris as a religious and historical tourism asset. Inventorying steps are being taken to ensure this building receives legal protection as a cultural heritage. Awareness of the importance of maintaining the authenticity of building materials is a primary focus in every renovation effort so that its historical value is not lost under excessive modern materials like cement and concrete.

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Cultural and Religious Meaning for the Community

For the Waris people, this church is "Mama" or the mother who gave birth to their new identity without erasing their original cultural roots. Every year, the commemoration of the day the gospel arrived or the church's anniversary is celebrated with traditional feasts involving traditional dances and religious processions. Gereja Tua Waris proves that religion can coexist with local customs, creating a unique harmony on the border.

The existence of this church also reinforces Waris's status as the nation's front porch. Amidst the dynamics of border politics, Gereja Tua Waris stands tall as a symbol of peace and steadfast faith. It serves as a reminder to the younger generation of Keerom about the struggles of their ancestors in embracing progress through education and spirituality brought through this small gateway in the interior of Papua.

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Conclusion and Future Hopes

Gereja Tua Waris is a hidden historical gem in eastern Indonesia. Its rich historical value, adaptive architecture, and role in social transformation make it one of the most significant sites in Keerom Regency. Through appropriate conservation efforts and attention from central and regional governments, Gereja Tua Waris is expected to become not only a place of worship but also a center for historical learning for anyone who wishes to understand how civilization was built in one of the most remote regions of the Nusantara. Its sustainability is a collective responsibility to honor the footsteps of our predecessors in Papua.