Dokterswoning (Doctor's House)

Origins and Historical Context of Colonization

The history of Dokterswoning cannot be separated from the Kolonisatie program initiated by the Dutch East Indies Government. In the 1930s, the area now known as Metro was part of the Sukadana district, which was still dense forest. Under the leadership of the Lampung Resident at the time, along with the assistant resident and controller, this area was opened to accommodate the overflow of population from Java Island.

The construction of Dokterswoning is estimated to have occurred between 1937 and 1939. During that period, the colonial government was actively building basic infrastructure to support the livelihoods of the transmigrants (colonists). As health issues like malaria and dysentery were major threats in newly cleared land, the presence of medical facilities and personnel was a top priority. Dokterswoning was specifically built as official housing for government doctors tasked with leading healthcare services in the Kolonisatie area of Metro.

Indies Architecture: A Blend of Aesthetics and Function

Architecturally, Dokterswoning embodies the Indische Empire Style adapted to the tropical climate of the Nusantara. The main characteristics of this building are its thick walls and very high ceilings (plafon), a typical Dutch architectural technique to ensure good air circulation and keep indoor temperatures cool without mechanical cooling devices.

The building has a symmetrical structure with a spacious front terrace. Its windows are large with a krepyak (wooden louvre) style, serving a dual purpose: providing privacy while allowing wind to enter. One unique detail that distinguishes Dokterswoning from other colonial buildings in Lampung is the use of locally produced bricks at the time, but under strict Dutch quality control standards. The floor uses classic patterned tegel tiles that are still maintained today, giving a strong sense of nostalgia to every visitor.

The large yard surrounding the building once functioned as a small botanical garden and green open space, reflecting the colonial urban planning concept that emphasized environmental cleanliness and health (sanitation).

Role in Movement and Public Service

The designation "Doctor's House" refers to its function not only as a residence but also as a medical coordination center. The most legendary figure associated with this building is dr. Swoning (a popular misconception, where the title "Dokterswoning" is often mistaken for a person's name). In fact, this building was occupied by government doctors appointed by the Dienst der Volksgezondheid (Public Health Service).

During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the building was temporarily repurposed as a Japanese military medical headquarters. However, its historical significance peaked during the early period of independence. Dokterswoning became a silent witness to how Indonesian medical personnel took over the roles of Dutch doctors to serve the people of Metro who were struggling in the physical revolution. The existence of this building ensured that basic services continued to operate despite the volatile political situation.

Cultural Significance and City Identity

For the people of Metro, Dokterswoning is the "ground zero" of the city's identity. Metro City is often nicknamed the City of Education and the City of History in Lampung, and Dokterswoning is a primary pillar of that narrative. This building represents the transitional phase where Metro began to be designed as a modern city with mature urban planning.

Culturally, Dokterswoning reminds residents of the spirit of mutual cooperation of the early colonists and the dedication of healthcare professionals. Its presence near Masjid Taqwa and Taman Merdeka Metro forms a golden triangle of history, symbolizing the harmony between governmental, religious, and social functions.

Preservation and Restoration Efforts

For decades, Dokterswoning experienced periods of neglect that threatened its structural integrity. Damage to the roof and weathering of the wooden windows had become concerns for local history enthusiasts. However, in the last decade, awareness of the importance of cultural heritage has increased collectively in Metro.

The Metro City Government, through the Department of Education and Culture, in collaboration with historical communities like Metro Heritage, has undertaken systematic conservation measures. Currently, Dokterswoning has been designated as a Cultural Heritage Building. The restoration process is carried out with caution, striving to preserve as much of the original material as possible.

Today, Dokterswoning has been transformed into an educational public space. Its interior is often used as a mini-museum displaying historical artifacts of Metro, old photographs from the colonial period, and antique medical equipment. Its grounds often serve as gathering places for creative communities, historical discussions, and art exhibitions.

Unique Facts and Legacy

One unique fact about Dokterswoning is its drainage system, which has been functioning well since the Dutch era. The design of the water channels around the building is such that this area rarely experiences flooding despite high rainfall. Additionally, there is an oral tradition in the community about an underground tunnel that supposedly connects this house with other vital buildings, although this has not been fully proven archaeologically and is more of an urban myth that adds to the building's allure.

Dokterswoning is not just an inanimate object; it is a narrator that tells how a civilization was built from scratch. Its existence challenges the younger generation of Metro not to forget their historical roots. As one of the few colonial buildings still standing tall in Lampung Province, Dokterswoning continues to stand as a reminder of the importance of knowledge (medical) and planning in building a nation. With continuous care, this "Doctor's House" is sure to remain the historical heart of Metro City for centuries to come.