West Coast

History

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History and Development of West Coast Regency: A Gem at the Tip of Lampung

West Coast Regency is the youngest administrative region in Lampung Province, possessing deep historical roots that stretch from ancient kedatuan eras to its establishment as an independent regency. Covering an area of 3,005.29 km², this region is geographically and historically a stronghold of culture and nature on the coast of the Indian Ocean.

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Prehistoric Roots and the Era of Kedatuan

Long before modern administrative formation, the West Coast region was inhabited by indigenous communities with complex social structures. History records the existence of Paksi Pak Sekala Brak, an ancient political and cultural entity in the mountains that was the precursor to Lampung society. From Sekala Brak, population migrations towards the coastal areas formed indigenous communities known as Pesisir. These communities developed a strong customary law system, led by local nobles who maintained the balance between humans and nature, especially in the management of damar forests.

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Colonial Era and People's Resistance

During the Dutch colonial period, the area formerly known as *Kroe* (Krui) became a strategic point due to its superior commodity, Damar Mata Kucing. The Dutch began to intensely exert their influence in the 19th century. One of the heroic events that etched West Coast into national history was the people's resistance against Dutch expansion. Local figures like Batin Mangunang led guerrilla resistance in the forest and coastal areas to oppose colonial trade monopolies and taxes. Krui was also briefly under the influence of the Banten Sultanate before finally being fully controlled by the Dutch East Indies administration under the Lampung Residency.

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Independence Era and Regency Formation

After the proclamation of independence in 1945, West Coast became part of North Lampung Regency, then was transferred to West Lampung Regency during its expansion in 1991. The community's desire for self-governance was driven by the long geographical distance from the administrative center in Liwa and its unique marine and tourism economic potential. This long struggle bore fruit on October 25, 2012, when West Coast was officially established as a new regency through Law No. 22 of 2012. Kherlani was inaugurated as the first Acting Regent to lay the foundation for governance in the regency capital, Krui.

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Cultural Heritage and Local Identity

West Coast possesses invaluable cultural wealth, such as the Bebay Nyuncun Paha tradition, where women carry trays on their heads in traditional ceremonies. This region is also known for its earthquake-resistant wooden stilt house architecture. Historically, this area borders five important regions (including Bengkulu and West Lampung), making it a melting pot of coastal and mountainous cultures. Historical sites like the graves of Islamic propagators and the remnants of old piers in Krui are evidence of its past glory as a maritime trade center.

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Modern West Coast

Today, West Coast is transforming into an international-scale special interest tourism destination, especially through Tanjung Setia Beach, famous for its waves. Despite the influx of modernization, the community remains steadfast in preserving local wisdom in conserving the ecosystem of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, safeguarding ancestral heritage in harmony with the progress of the times.

Geography

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Geographical Profile of West Coast Regency, Lampung

West Coast Regency is a unique administrative entity in Lampung Province. Although its nomenclature bears the name "Pesisir" (Coastal), geographically, this 3,005.29 km² region has a dominant land characteristic and is considered rare due to its position enclosed by other land areas. Located in the western part of Lampung Province, this region administratively borders five buffer areas, making it a strategic nexus in the western corridor of Sumatra.

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Topography and Landscape

The landscape of West Coast is dominated by steep mountain and valley structures. Unlike typical coastal areas, this region is situated inland with elevations varying between 200 to 1,500 meters above sea level. The western part of this region is part of the Bukit Barisan Selatan mountain range, forming the topographic backbone with slopes reaching 40%. Between the mountain peaks, narrow valleys serve as natural water catchment areas.

The hydrological system of this region is highly dependent on the presence of rivers originating from the Bukit Barisan Mountains. Rivers like Way Krui and Way Laay flow through the valleys, carrying volcanic sediments that fertilize the surrounding soil. The rivers here generally have strong currents with rocky beds, reflecting the well-preserved mountainous topography.

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Climate and Seasonal Variations

Based on its geographical coordinates in the wet tropical zone, West Coast experiences very high rainfall, ranging from 2,500 to 3,500 mm per year. The phenomenon of "Orographic Rain" often occurs in this region, where moist air masses from the Indian Ocean are blocked by the Bukit Barisan mountain range, resulting in intense rainfall on the western side of the province. Average air temperatures range from 20°C in the highlands to 28°C in the valley areas, creating consistent air humidity throughout the year.

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Natural Resources and Biodiversity

The natural wealth of West Coast relies on the forestry and agricultural sectors. A large part of its territory is within the ecological zone of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). This area is a habitat for rare flora like the Rafflesia arnoldii flower and endemic fauna such as the Sumatran Tiger and Sumatran Rhinoceros.

In the agricultural sector, fertile volcanic soil supports the growth of the flagship commodity, Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica), which is a rare resin and a biogeographical icon of this region. Additionally, robusta coffee and clove plantations thrive on the hillsides, utilizing the cool mountain air circulation.

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Geographical Uniqueness

One of the most prominent geographical features is the presence of karst rock formations and natural caves hidden behind the dense tropical rainforest. Its position on the active Sumatra fault line provides geomorphological dynamics that create unique fault lines, forming dramatic landscapes distinct from the eastern Lampung region, which tends to be flat and swampy. West Coast remains a green fortress preserving the ecological balance at the western tip of Sumatra Island.

Culture

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The Charm of West Coast Culture: A Gem of Tradition at the Tip of Lampung

West Coast Regency is a region with authentic and preserved cultural richness. As an area that directly borders the Indian Ocean and is surrounded by five neighboring regions—including Bengkulu to the north and West Lampung to the east—this 3005.29 km² area holds unique traditions rarely found elsewhere.

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Customary Structure and Traditional Ceremonies

The people of West Coast are deeply rooted in the Saibatin customary order. One of the most magnificent traditions is Ngaka-ngaka, a customary procession during weddings or the welcoming of esteemed guests. Uniquely, there is the Ngejalang tradition, a mass gathering after Eid al-Fitr where residents visit the homes of traditional leaders (Sutan/Raja) to strengthen brotherhood. Furthermore, the Nayuh ceremony marks the peak of traditional celebrations, involving all elements of the community as a form of gratitude for successful harvests or circumcisions.

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Performing Arts and Music

The arts in West Coast are dominated by Islamic and Malay coastal influences. Tari Sembah Pengunten is a mandatory dance to welcome guests, while the unique Tari Sakura involves dancers with wooden masks (sakura) symbolizing joy and togetherness. In terms of music, Hadra and Pincak Silat, accompanied by the beat of rebana and small gongs, are folk entertainments rich in spiritual values and agility.

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Wastra and Traditional Attire

The visual identity of West Coast is reflected in Tapis Pesisir. Unlike Tapis from inland areas, Tapis here often uses motifs of marine life and ships embroidered with gold thread on hand-woven fabric. Women typically wear the Siger Pesisir, which has a distinctive curve, symbolizing honor and gentleness. Their traditional attire highlights bright colors, reflecting the courage of the coastal community.

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Rich Local Cuisine

The cuisine of West Coast is heavily influenced by seafood and river produce. Gulai Taboh is the star, a coconut milk curry cooked with sea or river fish, mixed with bamboo shoots or legumes. There is also Pandap, a unique fish-based dish seasoned with abundant spices, wrapped in taro leaves, and boiled for eight hours until tender. For snacks, the sweet and savory Kue Tat is a must-serve in every traditional event.

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Language and Dialect

The local community uses the Lampung Language, A Dialect (Api), specifically the Pesisir sub-dialect. Expressions like "Tabik Pun" as an opening and "Nyak Say" indicating self-identity are often heard in daily communication. This language serves as a strong social binder amidst the onslaught of modernization.

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Religious Life and Festivals

Religious life in West Coast is highly devout, with Islam as the primary foundation. This is evident in the annual Teluk Stabas Festival. This festival is not just a cultural exhibition but a space for the community to preserve sea rituals and traditional competitions like archery and rowing, connecting ancestral values with the spirit of the present.

Tourism

Exploring the Hidden Paradise of West Coast, Lampung

West Coast Regency is a gem at the western tip of Lampung Province, offering wild and authentic natural charm. With an area of 3005.29 km², this region directly borders the Indian Ocean to the west and is surrounded by five neighboring administrative areas, including Bengkulu to the north and West Lampung to the east. This region is considered rare as it combines the tropical rainforest ecosystem of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) with a dramatic coastline.

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Natural Charm and Marine Adventure

West Coast is a mecca for world surfers. Tanjung Setia Beach is the main icon with the legendary "Ujung Bocur" wave, reaching heights of 6-7 meters. Besides surfing, tourists can visit Pisang Island, a remote island where visitors can directly interact with pods of bottlenose dolphins in the open sea. For mountain lovers, trekking in the TNBBS area offers an experience of seeing rare flora like the Rafflesia Arnoldii flower and observing endemic Sumatran wildlife. Don't miss the refreshing hidden waterfalls like Curup Gangsa, surrounded by natural rock cliffs.

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Cultural and Historical Heritage

The cultural richness of West Coast is reflected in the traditional house architecture of Lamban Langkas. Here, tourists can learn about the history of Islam's spread through sacred sites in Pekon (Village) Tuha. The uniqueness of local culture is also evident in the tradition of weaving Kain Tapis with distinctive coastal motifs using gold thread. Unlike conventional museums, the entire regency functions as a living museum where the Saibatin customs are still upheld in every wedding ceremony and the welcoming of esteemed guests.

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Culinary Tourism and Local Flavors

The culinary experience in West Coast is dominated by fresh seafood. A must-try dish is Gulai Taboh, a coconut milk soup containing sea or river fish mixed with bamboo shoots and legumes. For snacks, try Pandap, a unique dish similar to pepes, wrapped in taro leaves and cooked for eight hours to achieve a unique texture. Enjoying Lampung's signature robusta coffee while watching the sunset on the coast is an unforgettable experience.

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Accommodation and Best Time to Visit

Despite its remote location, accommodation options are diverse, ranging from exclusive beachfront surf camps to budget-friendly homestays managed by incredibly hospitable local residents. The best time to visit is between May and September, when the dry season provides clear weather and optimal wave conditions for outdoor activities. West Coast is not just a destination; it's a spiritual journey towards the preserved purity of Sumatra's nature.

Economy

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Economic Profile of West Coast Regency, Lampung

West Coast Regency is a strategic area at the western tip of Lampung Province with a unique economic characteristic. Although administratively covering an area of 3,005.29 km², its economic dynamics are heavily influenced by its geographical position directly bordering the Indian Ocean to the west, and surrounded by five neighboring regions including West Lampung Regency, Tanggamus, and Bengkulu Province. As a new autonomous region, West Coast is transforming into a new economic growth center in the western corridor of Sumatra Island.

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Tourism and Maritime Economy Sector

Unlike the narrative of inland regions, West Coast relies on the maritime economy and marine tourism. The tourism sector is the main economic driver (main engine) of the local economy, especially through Tanjung Setia Beach, which has gained global recognition as an international surfing destination. The presence of foreign tourists significantly boosts the growth of the service, hospitality, and culinary sectors. Local revenue is largely contributed by tourism service activities, which are now beginning to be integrated with the provision of supporting infrastructure.

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Agriculture and Flagship Commodity: Damar Mata Kucing

The agriculture and plantation sector remains the backbone of employment for the majority of the population. One of the rarest and most unique economic aspects of this region is the production of Damar Mata Kucing, derived from damar repong forests. West Coast is the world's top producer of high-quality damar, exported as raw material for the paint, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries in Europe and Asia. Besides damar, plantation commodities such as cloves, pepper, and coffee are also flagship products that support the purchasing power of rural communities.

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Creative Industry and Traditional Crafts

In the small industry sector, West Coast is known for its Tapis and Pua Kakat fabric crafts. The development of this creative industry is based on local wisdom, with production still using traditional weaving techniques. The local government continues to encourage the digitalization of MSMEs so that these craft products can penetrate the national market, expanding employment in the non-formal sector, especially for women in rural areas.

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Infrastructure and Regional Connectivity

The development of Muhammad Taufiq Kiemas Airport is a significant milestone in the region's transportation and economic history. Air connectivity accelerates the flow of goods and people, reducing dependence on the long overland route across western Sumatra. Improvements to the national road access connecting West Coast with neighboring regions and the main ports in Lampung are crucial for reducing logistics costs for distributing agricultural produce.

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Employment Trends and Future Development

Employment trends in West Coast show a shift from purely agricultural sectors to tourism services and trade. Investment in accommodation and telecommunications infrastructure is key to attracting foreign investors. By leveraging its unique natural resources and geographical position, West Coast is optimistic about continuing to increase economic growth above the provincial average through synergy between environmental conservation (damar forests) and tourism modernization.

Demographics

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Demographic Profile of West Coast Regency, Lampung

West Coast Regency is the youngest expansion region in Lampung Province, possessing unique demographic characteristics. Located at the westernmost tip of the province with an area of 3,005.29 km², this regency presents population dynamics influenced by the mountainous landscape of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and a long coastline, although administratively, the growth of its primary centers is not solely focused on the marine sector.

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Population Structure and Distribution

As of the latest data, the population of West Coast is around 167,000 people. Given its large area, the population density is relatively low, around 55-60 people per km². Population distribution is uneven; the highest concentration is in Pesisir Tengah District (Krui), which serves as the administrative and economic center, while areas like Bengkunat have much lower density due to being dominated by protected forest areas.

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Ethnic and Cultural Composition

Sociologically, West Coast is home to the Saibatin Lampung indigenous people who adhere strictly to the noble kinship system. Ethnic diversity is enriched by the presence of historical migrants from the Javanese, Sundanese, and Minangkabau ethnic groups. The presence of international surfers in Krui also creates a phenomenon of "temporary acculturation," where cultural interaction between locals and the global community becomes a daily sight rarely found in other regencies in Lampung.

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Age and Education

The population pyramid of West Coast shows an expansive structure with a dominance of the productive age group (15-64 years) and youth. Literacy rates in this region continue to rise above 95%, but higher education levels are still concentrated in urban areas. The local government is currently focusing on improving access to vocational education to support the tourism and agriculture sectors, which are the backbone of the local economy.

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Urbanization and Migration Dynamics

Urbanization patterns in West Coast are linear, following the West Sumatra Trans-Sumatra route. The "rurban" (rural-urban) phenomenon is very strong, where urban lifestyles are entering the buffer villages of Krui. Migration patterns show a tendency for out-migration by the younger generation to pursue education in Bandar Lampung or Java, but there is a significant in-migration from tourism and service business actors who see great potential in this "Land of the Sai Batins and Ulama."