Rumah Radakng

Design Philosophy and Architectural Principles

Architecturally, Rumah Radakng adopts the basic principles of a Rumah Betang (traditional longhouse), but with an extraordinary escalation in dimensions. The building measures an impressive 138 meters in length and approximately 5 meters in width, standing on support pillars 7 meters above the ground. This scale is intentionally designed to set a record and become a landmark amidst Pontianak's urban landscape.

The main design principle of Rumah Radakng centers on linearity. The elongated structure reflects the flow of a river, which in Dayak culture is the lifeblood. This design allows for clear spatial division between public areas (outer verandas), semi-public areas (communal living rooms), and private areas (family rooms). The extreme height of the building is not merely aesthetic; historically, it was an adaptation to threats from wild animals and floods, as well as a form of self-defense.

Construction and Structural Innovation

Despite its traditional appearance, the construction of Rumah Radakng in Pontianak is a blend of natural materials and modern technology. The main structure uses ulin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), known as "ironwood" for its resistance to extreme weather and termite attacks. However, to support such a massive building load, the foundation and some reinforcing structures have integrated reinforced concrete to ensure visitor safety.

The most striking structural uniqueness is the Hejan, or wooden ladder, made from a whole notched tree trunk. At Rumah Radakng, this ladder serves as both an aesthetic and symbolic element. The building's roof uses wooden shingles arranged with a steep pitch, a clever solution for channeling the high rainfall characteristic of Kalimantan's tropical climate. The high roof structure also creates ample natural ventilation space underneath, ensuring cool air circulation even during the hot midday sun.

Ornamental Elements and Cultural Symbolism

Every inch of Rumah Radakng is adorned with intricate and meaningful Dayak carvings. Motifs such as the hornbill, forest flora, and pilin patterns dominate the pillars and veranda railings. The hornbill is a symbol of loyalty and nobility for the Dayak people, and its presence in the building's ornamentation affirms Rumah Radakng's status as a sacred and respected structure.

The colors used in the carvings—red, white, and yellow—have deep significance. Red symbolizes courage, white symbolizes the purity of the soul, and yellow symbolizes glory or prosperity. The presence of wooden statues at the front of the building functions as "guardians" that symbolically protect all inhabitants and visitors from negative energy.

Historical Context and Designer

The construction of Rumah Radakng was initiated by the Provincial Government of West Kalimantan under the leadership of Governor Cornelis at the time. The main objective was to create a hub for the preservation of Dayak culture in the provincial capital. While not attributed to a single architect personally, its design is the result of collaboration between modern architects and Dayak traditional elders and carvers to ensure that every detail remained faithful to the Dayak Kanayatn tradition.

The completion of this building in 2013 marked a new chapter in vernacular architecture in Indonesia, where traditional buildings are no longer just seen as relics of the past, but as functional structures capable of adapting to modern needs without losing their soul.

Social Significance and Communal Function

In Dayak social structure, Rumah Radakng is a microcosm of a village. Traditionally, one longhouse could be inhabited by dozens of families. In Pontianak, this residential function has transformed into a socio-cultural function. The large space under the building (the stilt area) is often used for various community activities, from dance practice to handicraft exhibitions.

The Pante, or outer veranda, which is very long, serves as a public interaction space. It is here that values of mutual cooperation and deliberation are practiced. Rumah Radakng becomes a meeting point for various Dayak sub-tribes and serves as an educational tool for the general public and tourists to understand the inclusive and nature-harmonious social structure of the Dayak people.

Visitor Experience and Current Use

Visitors to Rumah Radakng are greeted by its imposing yet warm architectural grandeur. To enter the building, visitors must climb a rather high staircase, offering a unique perspective of the surrounding landscape. Inside, the dominant wooden ambiance provides a distinctive aroma and tranquility.

Currently, Rumah Radakng is the main venue for Gawai Dayak, an annual post-harvest festival that attracts thousands of domestic and international tourists. Additionally, the building functions as a living museum where visitors can see replicas of traditional Dayak daily life tools, traditional clothing, and traditional musical instruments like the Sape.

Conclusion: Architectural Heritage for the Future

Rumah Radakng in Pontianak is proof that traditional architecture has a place in the modern world. It is not merely wood stacked high, but a visual narrative of identity, resilience, and togetherness. By preserving original elements such as the use of ulin wood and sacred carving motifs, while adopting a monumental scale, Rumah Radakng has successfully become an icon that is not only a source of pride for West Kalimantan but also for the richness of Nusantara architecture. It stands tall as a reminder that amidst the currents of modernization, cultural roots must remain firmly planted and reach high.