Giri Sutra Mandala Temple

Design Philosophy and Spatial Concept

The architecture of Pura Giri Sutra Mandala adheres strictly to the concept of Tri Hita Karana, which governs the harmonious relationship between humans and God, fellow humans, and the natural environment. This application is clearly visible in the division of zones or Tri Mandala.

The first part is Nista Mandala (jaba sisi), which functions as a transition zone from the outside world to the sacred area. Here, visitors are welcomed by neatly arranged landscapes with typical tropical vegetation. Entering the second zone, Madya Mandala (jaba tengah), we will find supporting buildings such as the bale kulkul and bale gong. Lastly, Utama Mandala (jeroan) is the most sacred zone, located at the highest elevation, symbolizing spiritual closeness with the Creator.

The use of tiered land elevation is not only due to Pringsewu's hilly topography but also serves as a visual metaphor for Mount Mahameru. Each step leading to the main gate is designed to provide a contemplative spatial experience for anyone entering.

Candi Bentar and Kori Agung: Aesthetic Gates

One of the most striking architectural features of Pura Giri Sutra Mandala is the Candi Bentar—the split gate that is the main icon. The Candi Bentar here is built with high precision, using a combination of exposed red bricks (terracotta) and fine paras stone carvings. The color contrast between the red bricks and the grayish-white of the carvings creates a dynamic visual rhythm.

After passing the Candi Bentar, visitors will be greeted by the majestic Kori Agung. Unlike the open Candi Bentar, the Kori Agung has a multi-tiered roof that soars high. The reliefs carved on the walls of the Kori Agung depict the Karang Boma motif, a guardian figure believed to ward off negative energies. The intricate carvings at Pura Giri Sutra Mandala demonstrate the skill of the carving artists who were specially brought in to ensure the originality of the Balinese architectural style remained intact despite its location in Lampung.

Structural Innovation and Materiality

While adopting a traditional style, the construction of Pura Giri Sutra Mandala involves structural innovations to withstand the local climate and geography. The main structure of the building uses reinforced concrete, skillfully disguised by natural stone cladding and exposed bricks. This is done to ensure the long-term durability of the building against high humidity and potential seismic activity in the Lampung region.

The roofs of the bale buildings and pelinggih use natural materials such as ijuk (sugar palm fiber) and clay tiles, which provide natural thermal insulation, keeping the temperature inside the temple area cool. Interestingly, there is an integration of local Lampung materials in certain decorative elements, showcasing the spirit of "Giri Sutra" (Mountain and Sacred Thread) as a unifier between the ancestral traditions of Bali and the land they now inhabit.

Architectural Meaning in Social Context

Pura Giri Sutra Mandala is not just an aesthetic object but also a center of social gravity. The spacious Madya Mandala design allows for intense social interaction. Architecturally, this open space is designed to accommodate hundreds of people during major ceremonies such as Galungan, Kuningan, or Nyepi.

The presence of this temple in Pringsewu, where the majority of the population is Muslim and Christian, makes it a symbol of tolerance. Visually, the temple's towering spire among Pringsewu's green trees serves as a reminder of harmonious diversity. Its open architecture (without massive fences obstructing the view) reflects the inclusive nature of the Hindu community in Lampung towards the surrounding society.

Details of Pelinggih and Sacred Ornaments

Inside the Utama Mandala, there are various Pelinggih (sacred buildings) with intricate details. The Padmasana, as the main building, stands tall with carvings of Bedawang Nala (a giant turtle) and two entwined dragons. This symbolism depicts the foundation of the world in Hindu cosmology.

The use of Patra (scrollwork) and Kekarangan (mythological creature motifs) ornaments on every corner of the building not only serves as decoration but also has a structural function as a lock for wooden or stone joints. The symmetrical precision in each building creates a visually calming balance, a fundamental principle in Balinese vernacular architecture perfectly applied here.

Visitor Experience and Current Function

Currently, Pura Giri Sutra Mandala has become a premier religious and architectural tourist destination in Pringsewu. Visitors come not only to pray but also to learn about the richness of Indonesian architecture. Pedestrian paths designed around the temple area allow visitors to enjoy the beauty of the buildings from various angles without disturbing the sanctity of the Utama Mandala area.

In the afternoon, the natural light of the sunset illuminates the temple's red brick facade, creating a dramatic golden glow. This sensory experience—a blend of magnificent architectural visuals, the fragrant aroma of incense, and the sound of the hill breeze—makes a visit to Pura Giri Sutra Mandala a profound spiritual and aesthetic journey.

Overall, Pura Giri Sutra Mandala is an architectural masterpiece in Lampung. It successfully proves that traditional architecture can adapt to new locations without losing its soul. This building stands tall as a silent witness to human creativity in glorifying God while appreciating the beauty of local nature and culture in Pringsewu.