Kedaton of the Tidore Sultanate

Historical Context and Development Evolution

The construction of the Kedaton of the Tidore Sultanate has a dynamic historical narrative. The building that stands today in Soa Sio Village is the result of reconstruction from the original building that was once destroyed in the past due to internal conflicts and colonial pressure. This Kedaton was rebuilt during the reign of the 36th Sultan of Tidore, Haji Djafar Syah, around 1997.

Historically, the location of the kedaton was chosen strategically. Situated on the slopes of Mount Kie Matubu, the building directly faces the sea (Halmahera Strait). This position has a dual meaning: militarily, it serves as a vantage point for approaching foreign ships, while philosophically, it symbolizes the relationship between the mountain (sacred power) and the sea (source of life).

Design Philosophy and Architectural Style

The architecture of the Kedaton of the Tidore Sultanate displays a unique eclectic style. The building blends local Maluku architectural elements with the strong Dutch East Indies colonial style influences of the 19th century.

1. Building Structure: The Kedaton is built with a symmetrical square plan, reflecting balance and order. The main structure uses modern concrete in its latest renovation, but still retains traditional wooden elements in certain interior parts.

2. Limasan Roof: The roof adopts a high limasan shape, which is effective in draining rainwater in the humid tropical climate. The use of this roof also provides a high ceiling volume, allowing for optimal natural air circulation (cross-ventilation) within the rooms.

3. Facade and Veranda: One of the most iconic elements is the presence of a spacious balcony or veranda on the second floor. This veranda is supported by large, sturdy pillars, giving an impression of grandeur and authority. The style of these pillars adopts neoclassical elements adapted to local proportions.

Specific Architectural Elements and Structural Innovations

The Kedaton has uniqueness in its small details that hold significant stories. One of the most striking features is the main staircase at the front. This staircase not only functions as an entrance but also as a spatial hierarchy separator. Traditionally, only the Sultan and honored guests use specific access points.

Inside the kedaton, there is a very rigid division of space based on its function:

• Throne Room (Puji): This room is the heart of the kedaton. It is where the Sultan receives state guests. The ceiling in this room is usually decorated with ornaments that reflect the Sultan's power over "Kie Raha" (the four kingdoms of North Maluku).
• Puji Chamber: A room for storing heirlooms, including the legendary crown of the Tidore Sultanate, which has hair that continues to grow. Architecturally, this room is placed in the most protected area and has limited access, creating a sacred aura.

The use of large windows with wooden louvers (jalusi) is a clever innovation to cope with the hot temperatures on the coast of Tidore. These windows allow abundant sunlight to enter while filtering out heat, creating a cool interior atmosphere without the need for mechanical cooling.

Cultural Significance and the "Kie Raha" Cosmology

The architecture of the Tidore Kedaton cannot be separated from the concept of Kie Raha (Four Mountains). Tidore, along with Ternate, Jailolo, and Bacan, forms a cosmological unity. This Kedaton is designed to show Tidore's position as one of the pillars supporting the world of spices.

The color yellow dominates the kedaton's ambiance. In the sultanate tradition in the Nusantara archipelago, yellow is the highest color, symbolizing the glory and dignity of the Sultan. The integration of this color on the building's facade makes it a dominant visual landmark among the lower and simpler settlements of Soa Sio residents.

Social Role and Visitor Experience

Currently, the Kedaton of the Tidore Sultanate functions as a living museum and a center for traditional activities. Visitors are not only treated to the beauty of the building but also to strict cultural protocols that are still maintained. Before entering the kedaton area, visitors are often required to follow certain etiquette as a form of respect for their ancestors.

Inside the kedaton, various historical artifacts are stored, such as ancient ceramics from China and Europe, a gold-plated throne, and the Sultan's ceremonial attire. The placement of these artifacts in tiered rooms provides a spatial experience that transports visitors back to the golden age of the clove and nutmeg trade.

The spacious courtyard of the kedaton is often used for traditional ceremonies such as Legu Gam or the sultanate's anniversary commemoration. This open space functions as a "controlled public space" where the boundaries between the people and their leaders merge in cultural celebrations.

Preservation and Future

As a cultural heritage building, the main challenge for the Tidore Kedaton is material conservation amidst the corrosive coastal climate. Although it has undergone restoration, the originality of its form is maintained as an effort to preserve Tidore's visual identity.

Architecturally, the Kedaton of the Tidore Sultanate is a tangible proof of how a building can endure through time, evolving from a traditional wooden structure into a magnificent permanent building without losing its spiritual essence. It stands tall, gazing towards the sea, reminding everyone who sees it of an island kingdom that once shook the world with the fragrance of its spices and the steadfastness of its sovereignty.