Danau Sentarum National Park

The Unique Phenomenon of "Seasonal Lakes"

The most striking characteristic of Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum is its nature as a seasonal lake. This area of approximately 132,000 hectares is actually a vast floodplain that functions as a water regulator for the Kapuas River.

During the rainy season, this area transforms into a giant water expanse with depths reaching 8 to 15 meters. The water is clear black, a typical phenomenon of peat water rich in tannins. However, the scenery changes completely when the extreme dry season arrives. The lake water recedes until it is completely dry, leaving behind small river channels and cracked earth covered with grass. This transitional phenomenon creates an ecosystem that forces its flora and fauna to adapt extraordinarily.

Rich Biodiversity and Wetland Ecosystems

Danau Sentarum is home to astonishing biodiversity. The forests in this area are dominated by tree species that can survive being submerged in water for long periods, such as Putat trees (Planchonia valida) and the renowned strong Ironwood or Belian.

For birdwatchers, TNDS is a hidden paradise. Approximately 240 bird species have been recorded, including the Hornbill, which is a symbol of Kalimantan, as well as rare water birds like the Great Egret. Beneath the water's surface, the lake holds incredible ichthyological wealth. TNDS is the native habitat for the legendary and highly valued Super Red Arowana (Scleropages formosus). In addition, there are local consumption fish such as Toman, Belida, and Jelawat, which can grow to giant sizes compared to those in other regions.

On the land and small islands in the middle of the lake, visitors have the chance to see endemic wildlife such as the Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), the Proboscis Monkey with its unique long nose, and estuarine crocodiles that occasionally appear on the riverbanks.

Tourist Activities and Outdoor Experiences

Visiting Danau Sentarum offers an authentic adventure experience. Some of the main activities that can be done include:

1. Exploring the Water Labyrinth by Lanting Boat: Using traditional boats or speedboats, visitors can navigate through the submerged forest. The sensation of passing through the tips of trees emerging from the water's surface gives the impression of being in an ancient world.

2. Climbing Bukit Tekenang: This is a must-do activity. Bukit Tekenang is the highest point in the lake area. After climbing a challenging trail, visitors will be treated to a 360-degree panorama of the Danau Sentarum expanse surrounded by green hills. From here, the complexity of the waterways and small islands is clearly visible.

3. Cultural and Forest Honey Tourism: Visitors can interact with local communities, both the Dayak Iban and Malay tribes who live in stilt houses or lanting houses (floating houses). One of the main attractions is witnessing the process of harvesting organic Sentarum Forest Honey, which has international certification.

4. Sport Fishing: For fishing enthusiasts, Danau Sentarum offers the challenge of catching Toman or Kerandang fish in the wild using casting techniques.

Best Time to Visit

The choice of visiting time depends on the experience you want to have. If you want to enjoy the beauty of the full lake and explore by boat, come between October and March.

Conversely, if you want to witness the "dry lake" phenomenon where you can walk on the lakebed or see local communities traditionally harvesting fish in the remaining water pools, come during the dry season between July and September. The Danau Sentarum Festival is usually held in the second half of the year to celebrate the local cultural and natural richness.

Conservation Status and Environmental Protection

As a National Park, this area is strictly protected by the state. TNDS plays a crucial role in maintaining the microclimate stability and hydrological cycle in West Kalimantan. Conservation efforts here actively involve local communities, especially in sustainable forest honey management and Arowana habitat protection. Visitors are expected to adhere to strict rules, such as not littering in the waters and not disturbing wildlife, to maintain the integrity of this fragile ecosystem.

Accessibility and Facilities

Reaching Danau Sentarum requires an adventurous spirit. The journey usually starts from Pontianak, the capital of West Kalimantan. You can take a domestic flight to Pangsuma Airport in Putussibau, followed by a land journey to Lanjak or Selimbau. From there, the journey continues by motorboat (longboat).

Facilities within the area are still limited but adequate for special interest tourism. There are guest houses managed by the National Park Center at Bukit Tekenang. However, many tourists choose to stay in local residents' homes (homestays) to experience local wisdom firsthand.

Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum is a destination for those seeking tranquility amidst the grandeur of wild nature. It is a reminder of how dynamic nature is, where water and land alternate roles, creating an exotic harmony of life in the heart of Borneo.