West Kutai

History

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History and Development of West Kutai: From the Heart of Mahakam to the Era of Autonomy

West Kutai is a region that holds deep historical layers in the heart of the island of Borneo. Geographically, this regency is located in the central position of East Kalimantan with an area of 13,891.48 km². Despite being inland, West Kutai has vital water access through the Mahakam River, making it a dynamic region since ancient times.

Roots in Inscriptions and Sultanate Era

The history of West Kutai cannot be separated from the existence of the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom, which was centered in Muara Kaman. However, specifically, the West Kutai region is the ancestral land for various Dayak sub-ethnic groups, especially the Dayak Tunjung (Rentenuukng) and Dayak Benuaq tribes. Local mythology mentions the Gunung Beratus site as the origin of their ancestors. Before modern administrative integration, this region was under the influence of the Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura Sultanate. During the reign of Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman, the upper Mahakam region became an important trading zone for forest commodities such as damar, rattan, and swiftlet nests.

Colonial Era and People's Resistance

The arrival of Dutch influence in the 19th century through a treaty with the Kutai Sultanate brought significant changes. The Dutch East Indies government formed the administrative region of Onderafdeeling West Koetai with its capital in Long Iram. One of the central figures in the collective memory of the community is the Dayak people's resistance against Dutch tax policies and forced labor. Although not recorded as a major national-scale war, local resistance in this upstream region demonstrated a strong spirit of sovereignty. Long Iram at that time became a strategic Dutch administrative and military center to control the flow of logistics to the inland areas of Central Kalimantan.

Independence Era and Regency Formation

After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, this region became part of the Special Region of Kutai. The modern history of West Kutai officially began through Law Number 47 of 1999 concerning the formation of West Kutai Regency as a result of the expansion of Kutai Regency. On November 5, 1999, Rama Alexander Asia was inaugurated as the first Acting Regent, who later became the first definitive Regent. Sendawar was chosen as the center of government, its name taken from the glorious history of the Sendawar Kingdom in the past.

Cultural Heritage and Local Identity

West Kutai is known as "Bumi Tanaa Purai Ngeriman" (Land of Fertile and Prosperous Soil). Historical heritage preserved to this day includes the lamin house (longhouse), such as Lamin Tolan in Damai District, which is an important cultural heritage site. Oral traditions and customary ceremonies like Kuangkay (a death ceremony of the Benuaq tribe) and the Dahau festival serve as reminders of the persistence of Dayak culture amidst modernization. Archaeologically, relics such as ancient jars and Chinese ceramic plates have also been found, proving that this region has been involved in international trade networks for centuries.

Now, directly bordering six regions (including Mahakam Ulu, Kutai Kartanegara, and Central Kalimantan), West Kutai is transforming into an economic pillar based on natural resources and cultural tourism, crucial for East Kalimantan.