Manado

History

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History and Development of Manado City: A Gem at the Northern Tip of Sulawesi

Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi Province, spanning 161.9 km², has a long and unique historical record as one of the trading and educational centers in the archipelago. Located at the northern cardinal position of the island of Sulawesi and directly bordering Minahasa Regency and the Sulawesi Sea, this coastal city holds an "Epic" status in the narrative of colonialism and the struggle for Indonesian independence.

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Origins and Pre-Colonial Era

The name "Manado" is believed to originate from the local words Mana rou or Mana do, meaning "in the distance." Initially, the settlement center was on Manado Tua Island, but in the 16th century, the community began to move to the mainland called "Pogidon." In historical records, the year 1623 is often considered a significant turning point when this settlement began to be known internationally as a strategic port for the spice trade connecting Maluku with the northern region.

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Colonial Era and Western Influence

The presence of Europeans in Manado began with the Spanish and Portuguese, but Dutch influence through the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) became the most dominant. In 1658, the Dutch built Fort Amsterdam to secure trade routes. Important figures during this period include Dr. J.G.F. Riedel and Johann Gottlieb Schwarz, missionaries who had a great influence on the social and educational structure in Manado, making this region one of the centers of Christianity and literacy in Eastern Indonesia. The close relationship with the Dutch led to the term "12th Province" for Minahasa due to its high loyalty and cultural assimilation.

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Struggle for Independence and the Red and White Event

Manado recorded heroic history in the effort to defend Indonesian sovereignty. One of the most crucial moments was the Red and White Event of February 14, 1946. Led by figures such as Lendert J.W. "Babby" Huyke and Ch. Ch. Taulu, local fighters succeeded in seizing power from the NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) and raising the Red and White flag at the Teling military post. This action demonstrated the strong spirit of nationalism in Manado, refuting the perception that the region was entirely pro-Dutch.

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Culture, Traditions, and Historical Heritage

As a heterogeneous city, Manado inherits local wisdom values such as *Situmou Tumou Tou*, coined by National Hero Dr. Sam Ratulangi, which means "humans live to humanize others." This diversity is reflected in the Smart Monument or Candle Monument, symbolizing harmony among religious communities. Furthermore, relics like the Ban Hin Kiong Temple (established in 1819) are tangible evidence of the long history of the Chinese community on the Manado coast.

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Modern Development

Today, Manado has transformed into an economic gateway in the Pacific. With its status as a coastal city, the development of the "Mega Mas" area and coastal reclamation have reshaped the city into a modern business center without abandoning its historical identity. From its old harbor to hosting international events like the World Ocean Conference, Manado continues to solidify its position as an important pillar in Indonesia's history and future.