Introduction

Indonesia, an archipelago rich in history and culture, holds countless hidden gems waiting to be explored. Far from the hustle and bustle of major cities and well-trodden tourist trails, lies a site that offers a unique window into the glorious past of the Majapahit Kingdom: Jenggolo Reservoir.

Located in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Jenggolo Reservoir is not just an ordinary reservoir. Behind its tranquil waters lies an important, often forgotten, historical site: an inscription site. The presence of ancient inscriptions around the reservoir provides valuable clues about life, beliefs, and administration during the Majapahit era, one of the greatest kingdoms in Nusantara's history. For history buffs, archaeology enthusiasts, or anyone seeking a different and profound travel experience, Jenggolo Reservoir is a must-visit destination.

This article will take you on a journey into the beauty and mystery of Jenggolo Reservoir, uncovering its rich history, main attractions, and providing practical guidance for your visit. Prepare to feel the echoes of the past etched into the land of Sidoarjo, an experience that is not only educational but also soul-soothing. Let us begin the adventure of unveiling history at this forgotten inscription site.

History & Background

The history of Jenggolo Reservoir is intricately linked with the development of the Sidoarjo region and the legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom. The construction of the reservoir itself is a modern effort to manage water resources, but the chosen location turned out to have profound historical significance. The discovery of ancient inscriptions in the reservoir's vicinity proves that this place was inhabited and held importance even long before the reservoir was built.

The Majapahit Era (13th to 15th Centuries)

The Sidoarjo region, including the area that is now Jenggolo Reservoir, is believed to have been part of the Majapahit Kingdom's domain. During that time, Majapahit was known as a powerful maritime kingdom with extensive trade networks and a grand administrative center in Trowulan. The life of communities in inland areas like Sidoarjo during that period likely revolved around agriculture and the management of natural resources, including water.

The presence of inscriptions at this site is tangible evidence of human activity and an established administrative system. These inscriptions generally record various matters, ranging from the demarcation of territories, land grants, to the establishment of customary or religious regulations. The forms of inscriptions found vary, some are stone slabs, while others are carved into natural rocks. The script and language used are commonly Kawi script (Old Javanese) and Sanskrit or Old Javanese.

One significant discovery closely related to this area is the existence of ancient statues and remnants of buildings, indicating the presence of a settlement or religious site in the past. This suggests that the area around Jenggolo Reservoir was not merely empty land but possessed a long history of civilization.

Development of Jenggolo Reservoir

Jenggolo Reservoir itself was built in a more modern era, likely during the Dutch colonial period or post-independence, as part of the government's efforts to improve irrigation and flood control in the Sidoarjo region. The construction of reservoirs often involves altering the landscape, and in the process, archaeological artifacts or sites are frequently discovered.

The existing inscriptions are the result of the awareness of the local community and government regarding their historical value, which were subsequently preserved and studied by experts. These inscriptions serve as silent witnesses to the glory of Majapahit and provide invaluable insights into the lives of the people during that era. Studies of these inscriptions help historians reconstruct the political, social, and cultural map of Majapahit, as well as understand how communities interacted with their environment.

Uniqueness of the Jenggolo Reservoir Inscription Site

The uniqueness of this site lies in its location around the reservoir, a natural feature modified by humans for modern purposes. The combination of the reservoir's natural beauty and the buried historical wealth creates a fascinating narrative. These inscriptions are not only objects of archaeological study but also a reminder of the deep historical roots of civilization in East Java. Continuous preservation and research efforts are crucial to ensure that this valuable heritage can be studied and enjoyed by future generations.

Main Attractions

Jenggolo Reservoir may not boast dazzling recreational facilities or abundant modern amenities, but its primary allure lies in its historical uniqueness and serene natural beauty. Visitors to this site will be treated to a blend of peaceful natural landscapes and captivating traces of ancient civilization.

1. Jenggolo Inscription Site

This is the heart of Jenggolo Reservoir's appeal. The site is where several ancient inscriptions from the Majapahit Kingdom era were discovered. These inscriptions serve as the oldest written evidence of human presence and activity in this area in the past.

Description of Inscriptions: The discovered inscriptions are generally made of andesite stone, with carvings in Kawi script (Old Javanese) and Sanskrit or Old Javanese. The content of the inscriptions varies, often recording the establishment of 'sima' (tax-exempt areas or specific domains), land grants, or other significant events related to administration and social life during the Majapahit period.
Historical Significance: The discovery of these inscriptions is of great importance to historians and archaeologists as they provide primary data for reconstructing the history of the Majapahit Kingdom, particularly concerning its territories outside the administrative center of Trowulan. The Jenggolo inscriptions, along with other inscriptions in East Java, help map the extent of Majapahit's influence and its governance system.
Condition and Access: These inscriptions are usually protected and placed in accessible locations for visitors. Some inscriptions might still be in their original positions, while others may have been moved to safer or more centralized areas for conservation and educational purposes. Directions and explanations regarding the meaning of the inscriptions are typically available at the site.

2. Reservoir Landscape Beauty

Besides its inscription site, Jenggolo Reservoir itself offers a refreshing natural scenery. The reservoir, with its vast surface area and surrounded by trees, creates a calm and peaceful atmosphere.

Tranquil Water Views: The calm surface of the reservoir, especially in the morning or late afternoon, reflects the sky and surrounding trees, creating beautiful and serene vistas. It's an ideal spot for relaxation and reflection.
Green Areas and Fresh Air: The environment around the reservoir is generally still pristine with abundant trees. Visitors can enjoy fresh air and take leisurely walks along the reservoir's edge. The presence of vegetation also contributes to the visual beauty of the reservoir.
Potential for Relaxed Recreation: Although not a primary recreational tourism destination, the reservoir is suitable for leisurely activities such as light picnics, fishing (if permitted), or simply enjoying the scenery. Its location amidst a rural landscape offers an interesting contrast to the historical site nearby.

3. Observation of Local Life

A visit to Jenggolo Reservoir also provides an opportunity to observe the lives of the local communities in its vicinity. The preserved rural life in this area offers an authentic experience different from urban clamor.

Interaction with Local Residents: You might encounter farmers working the land around the reservoir or fishermen seeking their catch. Simple interactions with them can provide insights into the daily lives of the local people.
Authentic Rural Atmosphere: The tranquil environment and simple community activities create an authentic rural atmosphere. This is a chance to experience a slower, more harmonious pace of life.

4. Potential for Other Archaeological Discoveries

Beyond the inscriptions, the area around Jenggolo Reservoir and its surroundings holds potential for other archaeological discoveries. Remnants of ancient settlements, ceramic artifacts, or even building fragments might be scattered throughout the region. Although not always an organized main attraction, an awareness of this potential adds depth to your visit.

Traces of Past Civilizations: This area was historically significant during the Majapahit period. Past archaeological findings in the Sidoarjo region in general indicate a wealth of buried cultural heritage. Visitors interested in archaeology may find a unique charm in imagining what else might be hidden beneath the surface.

With a combination of a historic inscription site, the tranquil natural beauty of the reservoir, and an authentic local life atmosphere, Jenggolo Reservoir offers a unique and memorable travel experience, far from the crowds of mainstream tourist destinations.

Travel Tips & Logistics

Visiting Jenggolo Reservoir, a more hidden site, requires a little preparation to ensure your trip is smooth and enjoyable. Here's a practical guide to help you plan your visit to this unique historical destination.

1. Location and How to Get There

Address: Jenggolo Reservoir is located in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Its precise location is in Prambon District. For exact coordinates, you can search on digital maps (e.g., Google Maps) using the keyword "Waduk Jenggolo Sidoarjo".
Private Vehicle Access: The easiest way to reach Jenggolo Reservoir is by private vehicle (car or motorcycle). From Sidoarjo city center, you can follow directions towards Prambon District.
General Route: From Sidoarjo Square (Alun-alun Sidoarjo), head south or southwest towards Prambon District. Use navigation apps for more accurate guidance, as rural roads can be a bit confusing.
Road Conditions: Roads leading to the reservoir are generally quite good, but some sections might be narrow or uneven, especially when entering areas closer to the reservoir or the inscription site. Drive carefully.
Public Transportation Access: Using public transportation to reach Jenggolo Reservoir can be more challenging. You might need to take several transfers.
From the Sidoarjo bus terminal, look for public transport (lyn/angkutan kota) heading towards Prambon or surrounding areas. From the nearest drop-off point, you might need to continue by motorcycle taxi (ojek) or walk.
Consider hiring a taxi or ride-sharing service from Sidoarjo city center if you are not using a private vehicle and desire more convenience.

2. Best Time to Visit

Season: The dry season (around May to September) is generally preferred due to drier and clearer weather, making outdoor activities easier. However, the reservoir is beautiful year-round.
Time of Day:
Morning: The atmosphere is very calm, the air is still fresh, and the sunlight is not yet harsh. It's suitable for enjoying the reservoir's scenery and exploring the inscription site comfortably.
Late Afternoon: The sunset view over the reservoir can be stunning. It's also a good time for relaxation before heading back.
Avoid visiting midday when the sun is very strong, especially if you plan to walk a considerable distance.

3. Accommodation

Jenggolo Reservoir is located in a rural area, so there are no luxury accommodation options nearby. The best choice is to stay in Sidoarjo city or nearby towns like Surabaya.

In Sidoarjo: There are several hotels with various price ranges in the city center of Sidoarjo. This will provide you with easier access to various facilities.
In Surabaya: As a major city, Surabaya offers a wide variety of accommodation options, from star-rated hotels to more affordable lodgings. The distance from Surabaya to Sidoarjo is quite short, making it a viable base for your visit.

4. Entrance Fees and Operating Hours

Entrance Fees: Jenggolo Reservoir and its inscription site are generally public areas and often do not charge significant entrance fees. There might be very affordable vehicle parking fees. However, it's always good to check for the latest information from local management or ask local residents upon arrival.
Operating Hours: As an open area, the reservoir is accessible at any time. However, for exploring the inscription site and enjoying the atmosphere safely, it is recommended to visit during daylight hours until late afternoon (e.g., 08:00 - 17:00).

5. What to Bring

Comfortable Clothing: Wear light, comfortable, and modest clothing, especially if you plan to interact with local communities or enter areas that might be considered sacred. Comfortable walking shoes are also essential.
Essentials:
Drinking Water: Bring sufficient drinking water, especially if you visit during hot weather.
Hat/Umbrella: To protect yourself from the sun.
Camera: To capture the natural beauty and historical sites.
Personal Medications: If you have specific medical conditions.
Cash: For parking, buying snacks, or voluntary donations if applicable.
Additional Gear (Optional): If you are interested in archaeology, a small pair of binoculars might be useful for observing details on inscriptions from a safe distance.

6. Etiquette and Cultural Respect

Maintain Cleanliness: Dispose of trash properly. Jenggolo Reservoir is a beautiful area; let's preserve its environment.
Respect Historical Sites: Do not touch or damage the inscriptions. Pay attention to any warning signs that may be present.
Local Interaction: Be polite and friendly when interacting with local residents. Asking permission before taking photos of people is a good practice.
Modest Dress: It is important to dress modestly, especially when visiting sites with historical and cultural significance.

By following these tips, your visit to Jenggolo Reservoir will be a more organized, safe, and meaningful experience.

Cuisine & Local Experience

Exploring a destination like Jenggolo Reservoir is incomplete without savoring the local culinary delights and immersing yourself in the cultural experiences of the surrounding community. Although Jenggolo Reservoir is primarily known as a historical site, the Sidoarjo region and its surroundings are rich in East Javanese traditional flavors that are worth trying.

1. Sidoarjo's Signature Flavors

Sidoarjo is renowned for its array of delectable dishes that tantalize the taste buds. While in the vicinity of Jenggolo Reservoir, don't miss the opportunity to taste some of the following foods:

Lontong Kupang: This is Sidoarjo's most famous culinary icon. Lontong Kupang consists of rice cakes served with shrimp paste sauce, 'kupang' (small clams), bean sprouts, and shrimp crackers. Its taste is savory, slightly spicy, and very distinctive. It is usually enjoyed with 'sate kerang' (cockle satay).
Sate Kerang: Cockle satay is the perfect companion to lontong kupang. Pieces of cockles are skewered and grilled with a sweet and spicy soy sauce marinade. The texture is chewy and the taste is delicious.
Udang Petis (Shrimp in Petis Sauce): Sidoarjo is a coastal area, so its seafood is very fresh. Shrimp cooked with Sidoarjo's signature shrimp paste sauce has a unique and appetizing flavor. It is usually served with warm white rice.
Nasi Krawu: Although more associated with Gresik, Nasi Krawu is also widely found in Sidoarjo. White rice served with shredded beef in a special seasoning, drizzled with a thick sauce, and accompanied by petis chili paste and slices of beef.
Bandeng Asap (Smoked Milkfish): Smoked milkfish has a different aroma and taste compared to regular milkfish. Its texture is soft, and the flesh is not fishy.

2. Culinary Experience Around the Reservoir

Around Jenggolo Reservoir, you might find simple eateries or street vendors offering local dishes. Eating at such places often provides an authentic sensation.

Simple Eateries: Look for small restaurants or roadside stalls in the villages surrounding the reservoir that serve Sidoarjo's signature dishes. Don't hesitate to ask local residents for recommendations for the best places to eat.
Street Food: Occasionally, you will find vendors selling snacks or drinks near the tourist area. This can be an option if you just want to relax while enjoying the atmosphere.
Local Picnic: If you bring your own provisions, the peaceful ambiance by the Jenggolo Reservoir is perfect for a picnic. You can buy some local Sidoarjo snacks to enjoy there.

3. Interaction with Local Communities

Besides culinary exploration, interacting with the local community is an important part of the travel experience at Jenggolo Reservoir.

Friendliness of Residents: Residents in the rural areas of Sidoarjo are generally friendly and open to visitors. Don't hesitate to ask for directions or information about the historical site.
Observing Daily Life: Observe the activities of the people around the reservoir, such as farmers tending their fields, children playing, or fishermen at work. This provides a glimpse into a calmer and more harmonious way of life.
Buying Local Products (If Available): Sometimes, you might find locals selling agricultural produce or simple handicrafts. Buying from them is a good way to support the local economy.

4. Culinary Tips

Ask for Recommendations: Always ask for recommendations from local residents regarding places to eat or dishes that are a must-try.
Try Petis: Shrimp paste ('petis') is a typical Javanese seasoning, especially in Sidoarjo. Try various dishes that use petis to experience its authentic flavor.
Fresh Drinks: Enjoy refreshing drinks like young coconut water or sugarcane juice to cool down, especially during hot weather.
Hygiene: Even when eating at simple stalls, pay attention to the cleanliness of the eating place.

By exploring Sidoarjo's signature cuisine and interacting with its people, your visit to Jenggolo Reservoir will be a richer and more memorable experience, complementing its historical exploration with authentic local flavors.

Conclusion

Waduk Jenggolo, with its forgotten inscription site, offers more than just tranquil water views. It is a destination that blends natural beauty with profound historical richness, a reminder of the glorious Majapahit Kingdom etched into the land of Sidoarjo.

For those seeking adventures off the beaten path, this place offers a unique experience. Visiting Jenggolo Reservoir means stepping back in time, reflecting on the lives of our ancestors through ancient inscriptions, while enjoying the natural serenity offered by the reservoir. It is an opportunity to learn, admire, and be inspired.

With proper planning, a visit to Jenggolo Reservoir will be a fulfilling journey, enriching your historical knowledge and providing peace of mind. Explore, learn, and let yourself be captivated by this hidden historical site.

Unveiling History at Jenggolo Reservoir: Forgotten Inscription Site