Sikka

History

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History of Sikka Regency: Traces of Kingdom Civilization and Cultural Acculturation

Sikka Regency, located in the southern part of Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, is a region covering 1675.35 km² that holds an extraordinary historical narrative. As a strategic coastal area, Sikka is not merely a geographical point but a global cultural meeting point that has shaped the unique identity of its people to this day.

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Prehistoric Roots and the Era of the Sikka Kingdom

The origins of Sikka are deeply rooted in oral traditions about ancestral migrations from the "Sina-Jawa" region. Its formal history is often associated with the establishment of the Sikka Kingdom. The central figure in this narrative is Mo'ang Lesu, who, according to oral tradition, journeyed to Malacca and Goa (India) in the 16th century. Upon his return, he brought Catholic influences and royal heirlooms that became symbols of power. Mo'ang Lesu was later known as the first king who laid the foundation for an adat (traditional) governance structure that combined local values with external influences.

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Colonial Penetration and Catholic Missions

In the 17th century, Sikka became a contested territory between Portuguese and Dutch (VOC) influence. Unlike other regions in the Nusantara that were dominated by the VOC, Sikka had strong emotional and religious ties with the Portuguese through the Dominican Order. However, through the London Agreement and the treaty of 1859, Portuguese influence in Flores was transferred to the Dutch.

Although administratively under Dutch control, local authority remained with the King of Sikka. One of the most influential figures was King Don Joseph Ximenes da Silva (14th King of Sikka). Under his leadership, the construction of the Old Sikka Church began in 1893 and was completed in 1899 with the help of Jesuit priests. This church became an important historical monument whose architecture blends European styles with local ikat weaving motifs (Sikka moke), making it an enduring symbol of acculturation.

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Independence Era and National Integration

Following the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, Sikka underwent a transition from a kingdom to a modern regional government. Based on Law Number 69 of 1958, the Second Level Self-Governing Region of Sikka was officially established on March 1, 1959. Don Thomas Ximenes da Silva was appointed as the first Head of Region. The integration of Sikka into the Republic of Indonesia was not difficult due to the spirit of nationalism that had grown among local intellectuals who had studied in seminaries.

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Cultural Heritage and Modern Development

Sikka's uniqueness lies in its "Tenun Ikat Sikka" tradition, which boasts over 50 legendary motifs such as Moke, Lian Ngura, and Rembi. Historically, weaving was not just clothing but a diplomatic currency in traditional ceremonies and weddings. Additionally, the Tua Reta Lou dance remains preserved as a symbol of the bravery of Sikka warriors in the past.

Today, Sikka is developing as an economic center in Flores with Maumere as its capital. Despite being hit by a devastating earthquake and tsunami on December 12, 1992, which destroyed most of its infrastructure, the spirit of "Sa'ate" (One Heart) enabled the people of Sikka to rise again. Now, Sikka stands as a harmonious regency, connecting a complex colonial past with a future of development based on coastal local wisdom.